Engineering leaders have long sought to improve
the productivity of their developers ...
A goal every organization can support, no doubt.What the rest of the article fails to discuss is how upstream-processes determine developer productivity far more than the three dimensions identified. To wit, the clarity and focus of "what and why" for an effort determines the "how and when." Which makes the answer to "knowing how to measure or even define developer productivity" no longer elusive, but instead quantifiable.
Few, if any, qualified developers I have worked with have a poor DevEx when the work needed to be done is well-defined (what) and can be explained such that a solution is identifiable (why). Solutions almost always flow from these (how), with an ability to communicate the work effort possible (when).
Skip the up-front investment by stakeholders on "what and why", "how" will remain nebulous, and "when" will be just a guess.