The argument isn't silently treated as a double, it is explicitly and loudly treated as a double, because it is a literal double.
And this is not an advantage to the designer exclusively, it is very much an advantage for the end user that the treatment is explicit, consistent and predictable, instead of 'magically' reinterpreting the meaning of literals based on guessing the intent of the user.
Basically, you seem to be saying that when passing x to BigFloat, x should not be treated as the value x, but as some nearby value that might be the one the caller intended (based on some rounding logic perhaps?) Or are you perhaps saying that
x = 1e-300
y = BigFloat(x)
should be different from
y = BigFloat(1e-300)
? In other words, completely discarding referential transparency?