For the US population:
Convictions include innocent people who follow advice to plea guilty [1], or who are wrongfully convicted [2], and don't include guilty people who got off, or who were never found [3].
[1] - https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158356619/plea-bargains-crim...
[2] - https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/3/7/14834454/ex...
> “African Americans are only 13% of the American population but a majority of innocent defendants wrongfully convicted of crimes and later exonerated,” the researchers write. “They constitute 47% of the 1,900 exonerations listed in the National Registry of Exonerations (as of October 2016), and the great majority of more than 1,800 additional innocent defendants who were framed and convicted of crimes in 15 large-scale police scandals and later cleared in ‘group exonerations.’”
[3] - https://www.insider.com/police-dont-solve-most-violent-prope...
> Federal government data from 2018 show that just 46% of all violent crimes reported to police were "cleared" with an arrest, and 18% of property crimes were cleared. Beyond that, only an estimated 43% of people who were the victims of violent crimes reported the incidents to police.
I expect this article to get flagged pretty soon.