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That sounds very interesting, so you have a source for that? I could not find anything on Google searching for "life expectancy, gender and size".

I believe David Sinclair talks about this in detail in his book "Lifespan: Why we age"

Personally, I see this is less as a real research discovery and more like a cautionary tale on the pitfalls of statistics and the need for multivariate regressions with control variables.

This is an excellent point, and likely one of the main drivers.

How much that muscle mass means for the given mission is a separate, but relevant factor.

That's an absolutely fascinating aside right there. Gonna have to look into that one.