The value proposition for living in those places isn't very good for high earners, if you make enough money the taxes alone are enough to live in TX, FL and get your fix of NY, CA from traveling.
The downside being you have to spend at least half the year in TX or FL. I had such a choice and rejected it for that reason.
This site[0] should answer your question for the several states. In general:
Most U.S. states require residents to pay income taxes to the state as well
as to the federal government. The factors that determine residency vary by
state, but usually involve a person having established their domicile in that
state or having spent more than half the year there.