Yes, MS Visual Sourcesafe (VSS). It was... not very good
As I recall, the main problem was that VSS didn't have a proper server! Instead the client modified files in the repository directly using Window's file sharing, relying on locks to maintain consistency. This would have been a bad idea even in Window's file shares weren't slow and buggy.
I preferred just a normal folder, rsync (or some nt utils equivalent) and backups.