People still haven't decided what the difference between AI and ML is, for instance, but somehow still insist to treat the two as obviously separate in conversations.
My experience has been that the naming problem is alive and well in the sciences; and it'sfar more problematic than in programming and variable naming.
Automated problem solving does not imply "learning". E.g. clustering does not. Also, expert systems are pretty static, and it is not really the "machine" that learns (a flowchart can hardly be said to "learn").
> decided
It is not a matter of deciding ("de-cidere" (cutting) and fuzziness do not really marry), it is just looking at the terms with some historic awareness.
The "brain" works through fuzzy patterns, and of course the concepts somehow relevant to said model also do. You don't cut over a blurry line, but separate points in space remain distant.
Strange, in most of the papers and the books about this they define AI and ML and their relation.
The best operational definition I got to was, it's ML when it involves a "machine" (possibly defined in software) that tries to 'optimise' some objective on behalf of a user; whereas AI involves some sort of Agent, who needs to demonstrate intelligence, that involve particular environments / states contexts, etc.
But, not everyone defines it like this. To many people AI is rapidly becoming "Neural Networks, particularly Deep ones", with ML becoming "Anything that is in scikit learn that isn't a neural network". Which isn't really a useful definition if you ask me.
1956 (or 57) the perceptron was made. The public mood was ecstatic. Generals were dreaming of robot armies, finance world was dreaming of automation, and the whole world was dreaming.
1964 (or 66?) a bestselling book was AI Winter. It explained in everyday English how the whole thing was a farce (at that time). Funding dried up. It wasn't sexy to say AI anymore. So people started saying ML. For funding they were doing ML and not AI.
Nowadays it is a top down vs bottom up approach. One is AI and the other is ML (i don't know which, it doesn't matter)