popd and pushd are aliases for Pop-Location and Push-Location, so they are the PowerShell equivalent. Unsure about dir -v.
dir itself is an alias for Get-ChildItem, but I don't know about -v (natural sort of version number)
dirs -v presents a numbered stack of directories. Pushd doesn’t just function on one directory but also takes in a number pointing to a directory on the stack. Nothing like this exists out of the box for PS and it’s one of the most productive features in Bash.
What do those do
Keep a stack of dirs where u can jump very quickly into.