On some POSes, you can get a hint of when the POS either doesn't understand CDCVM or isn't configured to verify it when you tap with Apple Pay/Google Wallet and you get back a "Cardholder Device Not Verified" on the receipt.
Obviously ultimately, even with CDCVM support, it's up to how things are configured, but in the UK at least, every single POS I've seen that returns "Cardholder Device Verified" will let transactions through the same way as if you did Chip+PIN.
I've not found this to be the case anymore, sometimes the terminal will display a limit or the merchant will believe the limit applies to phones, but no limit is technically enforced.
Specifically, I believe this was due to Strong Customer Authentication laws in the EU: https://www.visa.co.uk/partner-with-us/payment-technology/st...
Not true, although shop keepers will often say it won't work, right up until I tap and it works