It's where attackers use your sites payment method / card processing method to make a shitload of small transactions to verify the stolen credit cards they have are valid.
Transaction succeeds? Cards valid.
Transaction succeeds? Cards valid.
Kind of doubtful that all you need to test cards is a public key scraped off any site that's implemented Stripe.
It's almost as is Stripe doesn't want to stop the attacks because they're making so much from fees