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Google (and the downstream ad publishers) requires the Transparency & Consent Framework (TCF) v2.0 and the corresponding information. That means specifically which purposes have been consented to (explicitly or implicitly via legitimate concern). It’s a bottomless hole you can look into, created by the ad industry to mostly keep doing things as before.

Not Adsense but analytics

I load up all the tracking guff bizdev and marketing want with Google Tag Manager. Tag Manager's code isn't output to the page at all until the user has opted in to 3rd party tracking cookies.

I'd do the same with ads (on an advertising toggle rather than tracking) if I were using them.

Check https://support.google.com/adsense/answer/10924669?hl=en