Will boiling water ruin green tea?
myjapanesegreentea.com
myjapanesegreentea.com
Depending on how sensitive you are everything can change the taste, but IMO the big three are:
- water (huge, huge differences)
- type of tea (cultivar, when/ where it was harvested, steam time)
- brew temp and time
I eventually settled on a system where I heat filtered water in a regular pot with a meat thermometer to the right temp (this is usually between 155-170F depending on the specific tea), pour over tea into a glass pot (through stainless steel basket), brew from 30-60 seconds (again depending on tea), serve. I also measure the water, and weigh the tea on a scale.
It might sound convoluted and compared with like, brewing a kettle and dumping over a bag it is. I mostly drink earl grey now, probably as a result. In the summers it's a lot easier, I just dump tea in a pitcher of water and put it in the fridge overnight.
Also, I wholeheartedly recommend o-cha.com for tea and peripherals.
Are there any objective parameters of water which makes a better green tea?
A home in other places is more likely to have Celcius, and you'll likely use it.
It isn't like it is difficult to convert.
Easy.
The US has about 4% of the world population. Adapt. It's not worth the communication problems.
And so on. You just don't have a choice unless the government makes the switch mandatory. So you use it as it comes up: Metric for medicine, for example, but not to figure out your clothing for the day.
Do you think folks are doing it by hand? nope, they use the internet, the same thing we are communicating on.
I agree that the US should convert, but that's another discussion. No need to crap on folks for using something familiar when we all know that's why they do it.
I agree I'm being a bit harsh here, coming out of the blue on a random comment. But in general I'm very irritated that using non-metric units in an international forum is still a thing. The onus should be on the Americans in their communication, not on others.
The UK and Canada have converted, or are in transition. It takes a generation or maybe two, but I'm certain it's worth the trouble.
"200 f to c"
and macOS spotlight you can go even shorter: "200 f"In Fahrenheit, 0 is really cold while 100 is really hot. In Celsius, 0 is kind of cold while 100 is damaging to life.
With feet and inches, you can easily divide a foot by 2, 3, 4, and 6 with no repeating decimal digits. It's the same reason the ancient sumerians used base 60 for their number system.
With liquid measure, a cup is roughly what would be considered a serving with a meal while a litre is one hundred millionth the distance from the equator to the north pole, cubed
12 is a handy number but decimal calculation isn't difficult either, especially when all your units use the same.
What is a cup? How do you do calculations with a third of a cup etc?
I know a cup is roughly 200 mil. From exposure in life I know 200ml is about a cup of tea and 300ml is about a mug of coffee /can of come, 500 is a big can of beer. How many cups are in a can of beer?
You can buy it in cans now?
I've been living here for 15 years and the recurring pattern still hasn't stopped being funny.
0C: I need shoes, pants, sweater, coat, gloves.
10C: sandals, pants, two light layers.
15C: sandals, shorts if sunny, one long sleeved top.
20C: sandals, shorts, shirt. Hoodie if windy.
25C: sandals, shorts, shirt optional.
Etc.
How is F more convenient in any way?
C to F -> multiply by 1.8 and add 32
This sounds messy but works out well for a lot of temperatures we are used to, for example... 0C is 32F ... 100C is 212F ... 20C is 68F ... 30C is 86F ... etc.
I've heard all the excuses in past 4 decades whenever this topic comes up, but they can all be summed up as: butthurt ego, we are better than anybody and we don't care about reasons.
In Europe, during more primitive medieval times, even my tiny little country that wasn't country before had maybe 10 different measure systems mostly based on human body, various weight systems etc. There were always reasons for system XYZ, different conversion tables and so on. They were not worse than what US uses now, and are all part of history for same very good reasons.
Its not even a topic about 2 balanced viewpoints like driving left or right, metrics et al have trivial conversions so even folks struggling to finish primary school are well versed in it. What you describe is impossible to do for even older university-educated folks, unless they have been doing it for their whole lives.
“Hey Siri convert 190°F to Celsius.”
“190°F is 87.77 degrees Celsius.”
Boom. It is not very hard to convert.
It's a completely different story for distance, weight and volume. Metric measurement in these cases are more intuitive for me, and they are clearly superior too. Millimeters are so much easier to use than fractions of an inch (7/32 inch -- that's a ridiculous system). In the U.S., an ounce of flour weighs less than an ounce of gold. Who even knows how much a grain of gunpowder is in units anyone else uses (one grain is approximately 1/16 gram). There are three teaspoons in one tablespoon, but only two cups in a pint, 2 pints in a quart and 4 quarts in a gallon.
I'd be happy to switch from imperial to SI units for length, mass, and volume. I'll gladly switch slugs to kilograms and pounds to Newtons, but I will miss Fahrenheit.
Wait, what?
I mean: WHAT?!
There's a children's riddle here: "what weighs more: a pound of feathers or a pound of lead."
I hesitate to ask what the US answer to this would be.
30 is hot.
20 is pleasing.
10 is cold.
And 0 is freezing.
People are allowed to communicate in a way that they're familiar with. If they have used F their entire life and so has everyone around them, then its fine.
The US demographic represents roughly 41% of Hacker News, I think its fine if they use their own measurement system.
190F(85C) requires more timing control and get out the tea after less than a minute, while lower temperatures are more forgiving.
[0] https://www.theteamakers.co.uk/blogs/news/japanese-tea-brewi...
Anecdotal evidence: The temps for my daily drinker (a deep steamed sencha) this year are 10°C lower (57) than last year. This is after keeping everything else constant.
The mugs were causing problems because they were only fired once? There is supertasting, and then there's this. I am glad I don't have these problems.
https://www.ernst-janssen.com/tee-almanach https://www.n-tv.de/ratgeber/Stiftung-Warentest-bewertet-gru...
edit: Reading the linked article, it seems mostly concerned about contaminants and not germs. Intuitively thinking, I'd imagine higher temps would end up extracting more of those from leaves to the drink than lower temps?
As for boiling tea for sanitation, I took a wilderness first responder class and they taught us that you could bring water to a boil at any altitude a human can breath at (without holding it at a boil for 15 minutes as some claim) and it's considered sterilized. In Cusco, that would be around 191F/89C (humans can breathe quite a bit higher up than Cusco). Not a bad tea-brewing temp!
Also, I suggest trying kukicha. It's high in l-theanine and lower in caffeine. Tasty too.
How about the people touching / sneezing on it in the packaging factory?
Additionally, the tea plants are covered by cloth for up to a month before harvest, dramatically reducing the chances of bird droppings.
They are also steamed, rolled, and dried by mechanical devices which remove virtually all moisture.
You can keep it a lot lower for longer but it's also potentially difficult to tell the temperature (easier to say, bubbles? It's hot enough)
Some hardy bugs and/or spores can survive regular boiling anyway, so you're not aiming for total sterilization.
that is actually an interesting aspect.
Searching further, there were a couple of cases of Salmonella in infants in 2003 that were traced to fennel anise tea. The timing fits. I couldn't find anything more recent, but I didn't look very hard.
https://www.ernaehrungs-umschau.de/news/16-07-2003-salmonell...
Here's more data from government sources. They tested tea and herbal tea in 2008, and found traces of Salmonella or E.coli in 2-3% of prosecute products, and mold in 20%. Doesn't differentiate between herbal and real tea.
https://www.lgl.bayern.de/lebensmittel/warengruppen/wc_47_te...
I'm not worried. But then I usually use boiling water, or almost boiling water, which should be enough to kill micro organisms. And I'm sure I get more mold toxins from various other food sources without noticing it, cereals, nuts, processed foods etc. Tea is a dilution, after all.
https://ourdailybrine.com/wp-content/uploads/our-daily-brine...
You’ll have to work pretty hard to make a credible cup of tea with viable salmonella in it.
Never really heard of hard thermal limits for herbals though, in my experience they're more resilient and less caring, and you can long-boil most of them like you'd do a middling black tea.
I don’t know whether most pathogenic bacteria can survive prolonged dry storage conditions, though. And, if you’re worried, you could likely pasteurize your fancy tea by heating it, dry, to 60C or so for a while.
It makes sense that herbal teas might be more susceptible to pathogen contamination if they don't go through that.
Of course there's plenty of steps along the way to contaminate tea, and chemical contaminants are different. But boiling water isn't the only heating step for some teas.
Having said that, I generally just use boiling or near boiling water for all my tea. I've tried all sorts of combinations of temps with many many different varieties of tea and have decided that the tea variety, amount used per serving, and length of steeping make much more of a difference than the temperature. I also think I just like bold-flavored tea (I do like bitter flavors quite a bit, and have been known to seek them out even when I was too young to really be aware of a pattern with it).
Since then I try to only buy teas which are lab-tested. When I lived in Germany I bought my teas at sunday. Tbey tell you harvest, growing conditions and many more things and they also claim to lab test the tea badges.
I haven't found anything comparable in the US yet.
[1] Metal Attraction: An Ironclad Solution to Arsenic Contamination? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1257624/
Oh wow. Wonder if they tested the same tea at the place he bought it from too.
Just in case... you know... the tea from there didn't have the arsenic in it. (!)
Of course, if he lived by himself that's unlikely to have been a problem. ;)
> Intuitively thinking, I'd imagine higher temps would end up extracting more of those from
> leaves to the drink than lower temps?
If we're discussing non-volatiles such as heavy metals, boiling acually concentrates them by removing some of the water. This is more of a concern with the water than with the tea, however if one is already bringing up the health aspects then obviosly neither can be ignored.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-Chi%27s
Oddly, the restaurants are gone, but there is salsa using the brand in some supermarkets still. I wouldn't buy it, even though it presumably is just someone else using the logo.
10min is around 64°C.
Remember that the cup often cool down the water 10-15 degrees. So the water should not be under 90°C from the boiler to be safe.
This is faulty reasoning. The typical "almost boiling" temperature of 185F for 3 minutes will sterilize the tea just as well as boiling water would. There's absolutely no benefit in terms of safety. The only consideration would be flavor.
There surely must be other ways to get probably safe food than boiling everything you drink.
I cold brew green (and black) tea and drink multiple cups a day.
In traditional tea ceremony, known amount of tap water is added to boiling water. Comes out okay if protocol is punctually followed.
In more casual situations, there are buttons and lamps on electric kettles to cycle through common temperatures. That works if you are going to serve dozen guests at once.
I think in general it's safest to brew green teas at 175f. But I'm doing quick gongfu brewing sessions with a late-march sichuan green tea, and it tastes great at 205f. Less intense at the usual 175f, but picks up more subtle flavors.
I suffer from chronic insomnia, and I certainly didn't notice the afternoons and evenings spent on a pot of good oolong to be any worse than the same with herbal or rooibos.
Most Japanese green teas are steamed past the harvest time – lightly (gyokuro), or more thoroughly (sencha), or anywhere in between depending on the grade – and some varieties can also be roasted (e.g. yabukita). Japanese green tea generally requires milder water temperatures for a preparation. Typically, the higher is the grade, the lower is the temperature, e.g. from 60ºC for gyokuro and high grade matcha to 80ºC for sencha. Gyokuro and matcha, prepared at the right or slightly lower temperature, has a lot umami flavour with a little bit of sweetness in it.
Varieties of the Chinese green tea is either lightly roasted (without being steamed nowadays) or lightly fermented. They need higher water temperatures, typically in a range between 80ºC and 90ºC. High grade Dragon Well prepared at the 80ºC temperature has a unique flavour that I don't know describe, but it will have almost no flavour is a lower temperature is used.
Not to say they make it exactly the same, I wouldn’t know, but the origin is China.
And 65-75°C is a safe bet for almost all greens. Germs won't survive on dried herbs with no access to water.
Bacterial spores can survive on dry stuff and these can be inactivated by high temperatures, but 65°C should do. Also, we humans have this cool ability to raise body temperature to kill unwelcome stuff, so we're good until cordyceps evolves.
Toxins on the other hand, may be able to survive even boiling.
Go for 65-75°C and don't ever taste bitter green tea.
My goto for an "average" green tea is a maximum of 70C and for most other teas (Oolong, Red etc.) it's 95C but the temperature is only one variable. Leaf to water ratio and steeping time are the other two. I usually brew Gongfu style (more leaf, shorter steeping times). For a nice Gyokuro on the low end of the temperature scale, I usually go with 50C and 6g/100ml of water/120 seconds steep and then increase the time in 30 second increments for the next two brews. After that I increase the temperature to about 70 degrees to squeeze out another brew or two but it's the first three that I'm really after :)
My goto "lazy" green is a Long Jing which can take hotter water (I usually go to around 80C) and it's just my daily tea so I usually brew it "western" style 0.6g/100ml, 2min first brew, 3min second brew.
It's a lot of fun to experiment with different teas and do comparison tastings (I did this quite a bit for white tea with the same tea brewed at different temperatures, steeping time etc.). But beware, it can turn into a bit of an obsession :)
And don't forget to smell the tea and leaves after brewing. It's one of the nicest things about a good cup of tea.
Enjoying tea is more to do with the individual, than the tea itself.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21339166/
If one does a lower temperature for a longer time it is often also equivalent to boiling for a very short time a.f.a pathogens. I think the relative bitterness is probably higher for higher temperature brews after normalizing on caffeine.
Seems to contradict the rest of the article...
> So the best way to prepare gyokuro, a green tea with a high amino acid content, is with lukewarm or even cold water.
> Sencha can be prepared with hot water for best results. Using boiling water would make it too bitter and astringent.
> Lower grade teas like bancha, genmaicha and houjicha, have a light taste and don’t have much amino acids anyway. Thus, they can be prepared with boiling water.
I guess it's saying that this isn't always true, but the headline would probably mislead people into ruining high-end tea with boiling water. And I don't see any upside to using it for low-end green tea.
If you tell someone never to drink those lower grade teas you're doing them a disservice and that's the only situation in which the advice about never using boiling water would apply.
What I took from the article was that there appears to be a rule (I am imagining because I'm not a green tea expert) that green tea should never be prepared using boiling water when in fact, as the writer states, is false. As in "it depends".
And near the end of the article they state:
"However, you should prepare tea in the way that works best for you. If you want to boil your sencha because you want it to be very bitter and astringent, by all means go ahead."
I don't see any contradictions.
It's like coffee, different beans, different roasting of those beans, different grinding of those beans will mean there is no one true way to get the best extraction, and your preferred extraction might differ from another's extraction method.
Shincha would just refer to freshly picked sencha, for one.
"Green tea" would be 緑茶 (ryokucha). Hojicha is not ryokucha nor green.
Matcha and Sencha are the same plant, only differing in growing conditions and processing.
Several of these words are talking about different aspects of tea. A shincha (fresh) gyokuro (variety+growing method) genmaicha (rice-puffs added; technically doesn't have to involve green tea) is still a sencha (plant+processing) and therefore a ryokucha (plant+color). Listing fukamushi as a "sencha type", but shincha as distinct from sencha, while calling houjicha "green tea" is incorrect and coupled with some quite obscure ones, you just seem to be dropping words without substance. It's like calling rose a "red wine".
(obv all of these words are the same plant species)
Just like with wine there can be no-end to nitpicking if you're looking for it but you don't need to know anything at all to appreciate it and find what you personally enjoy regardless of what snobs would tell you. You started it, though ;)
i don't know if it's related but i've also noticed i'm much more tolerant of ginger than most people and i can't taste cardamom (seed of the ginger plant, interestingly) at all.
hey, people are different.
The current bag I have, Rosamonte brand, seems to require freshly boiled, right out of the kettle water to get a good extraction.
The last bag I had was bitter if you used just boiled water, you had to let it go down in temp a bit to get a good brew.
I should probably buy a bunch of mates and check the dates to see if that's a variable I've not accounted for. Usually I know how to deal with a bag of it after making the first drink.
At work I put a teabag in hot water and zap it in the microwave for 20-30s, key to driving out the flavor into the water.
I don't like green tea but I would think that you should experiment with whatever temp gives you the extraction you need. Don't listen to experts is rule #1 when it comes to brewing.
For most greens though (particularly the more fragile ones), oh heck no. They taste absolutely awful at high temperatures.
If you’re making Earl Grey, the bergamot is a lot of your cost per serving. A bold tea requires more bergamot for the same flavor balance. So bland tea, bergamot-forward flavor.
so is bitter what you mean by absolutely awful?
There no need to get massively invested.
This is how I learned to paint minis. All I did was buy some unpainted ones and drop by a friend’s place. He has all of the supplies and equipment. All of my unpainted minis are in his closet. :)
Edit: By having a friend, I mean if you have a friend who is into tea/coffee/wine/etc. I enjoy hanging out with people who have hobbies I wouldn’t pick up on my own.
The taste of your tea depends a lot on the quality of the leaves. I've used a wide range of Sencha leaves, some of them absolutely hate high temperatures beyond 70℃ while some others happily brew in 85℃.
Brewing times can drastically affect the bitterness of the tea even at lower temperatures because of how the catechins are extracted. In my experience, the first 30-60 seconds can make or break the taste - this is when the temperature must be just right.
I've got a variation to tweak my tea's taste by starting to brew at a slightly lower temperature for about 60-90 seconds and then adding some water at 85-90℃ at this point and letting it brew a bit longer. Some types of sencha teas respond well to this approach, and I feel this brings out a little more of its caffeine content and a hint of bitter / astringent flavours while not overwhelming the overall taste.
It also depends on what you're trying to achieve with the tea. Using the exact same leaves, I sometimes like to brew a very mild warm tea, and at other times the same leaves can be brewed at a higher temperature for a more full bodied tea.
My approach is to experiment with a new batch of leaves to quickly identify its boundaries re: temperature and time, and that gives me a lot of room to play with and experiment :)
This sounds a lot more like chinese teas, which are designed for multiple short steepings (gongfu ceremony) and more or less require a rinsing first steep.
Yes, exactly like "potato" or "apple" is always the same plant, and they don't each have literally thousands of different cultivars bred for different purposes and use cases.
Oh wait.
> There’s only so many ways you can prepare and handle wine. The real variety comes from using other plants for the fermentation.
Ignoring that neither of these is true, you have hardly given any hint at any sort of knowledge and understanding of the "only so many ways" of preparing and handling anything, be it wine, potatoes, or tea.
Is it japanese green tea? Because that's what the article is about, if you're drinking black tea, or chinese teas, that is utterly irrelevant: they are different cultivars, selected and grown differently, with different harvesting and processing, and different brewing methods and temperatures.
You might well be Spiff and still have no useful input.
Boiling water gives the tea a bitter taste. Trying brewing gyokuro with boiling water in front of a Japanese. Both the Japanese and the tea grow bitter because of it. The effect is very prominent.
Houjicha and bancha are low end tea. (Btw, are they even considered green tea?) Do whatever you want with them. It's like choosing the best glass for a table wine, it doesn't really matter.
Black tea, on the other hand, is more forgiving in brewing.
Tangentially, how popular is green tea in the UK? It seems quite niche?
Try brewing yerba mate in front of an Argentinean/Paraguayam, using using a thermal bottle. Also, boil the water in an electric kettle and pour a bit of cold water on the bottle to bring back the temperature to 80°C
They'll go bananas on how mate isn't served like that, on how you ruined it, etc.
But you can do it like that just fine. And it can be perfectly brewed like that and the taste will be the same.
People just like treating their ceremonies like shaolin kung fu.
My brother once told me, that a japanese professor measured how much of the healthy substances gets drawn out at all temperatures. He found 60°C to be optimal.
I used 80°C for 2nd & 3rd brewing though, since i really dislike the taste at 70°C and lower.
See, that's where the "no" is actually a "yes" for me. For my palate, bitter tea = ruined tea.
I usually drink peppermint and/or camomile. If not solo, the mix must be 50/50 or it also tastes like old socks. I also like various fruit teas, or blends like orange and curcuma, rose hip/hybiscus.
As a European I don't understand the green tea hype.
And so will following a strict recipe. You need to tune it yourself. Below boiling is better.
Use. Your. Tounge.
As if you need to be told, or can't tell.
I found that I could tell the difference but for tea I regularly drink I couldn’t be bothered to break out a thermometer. But if it’s the good stuff I totally would be doing more of the ritual.
But boiling is a different process, especially with tea where even if the water is boiling when poured it will rapidly cool down below the boiling point. As the article explains, boiling water extracts different substances to different degrees than warm/hot water. Specifically it will extract more of the bitter-tasting compounds and can break down others.
I meant that the matcha powder probably has pollutants which might get decreased by boiling it, as the article suggests, but that would ruin the flavor.
But for the vast majority of green teas: heck no, it'll taste awful.
Because proper tea is theft
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