I don't understand that ruling. It's a pretty clear cut case of first amendment. You can't sue a bookstore because you don't like what they sell, you go after the publisher of the book. He's the one liable for defamation.
> in an unrelated matter involving the publication of hyperlinks
That case was very much related. It said links to content isn't the same as posting the content itself.
"The Supreme Court of Canada ruled this morning that the online posting of a hyperlink does not constitute a publication of a defamatory statement. This unanimous decision in Crookes v. Newton, 2011 SCC 47 upholds online free speech rights, maintaining that an online link will only be defamatory if it actually repeats defamatory material." [0]
> What recourse does Google offer if false, defamatory information is found in their search results?
Nothing. What the man had to do was go against the host and author of the webpage.
> What would stop an organized cyber crime group from creating websites with false, defamatory information about people and blackmailing them for payment in order to take down the false, defamatory information?
Getting a hosting company/getting the hosting company to stay in business (Money has to come in to pay for servers).
[0] https://cippic.ca/en/crookes_v_newton