Next to (or inside) the ice from the Permanently Shadowed Regions, there may be clues to how life got started on Earth. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6546-7_... It's estimated that this trapped ice may be from the Earth and the Moon from 3.6B to 4.2B+ years ago. Along with other volatiles, this may give humanity an unprecedented look at what the Earth and the Moon were like before life arose. And if we're truly lucky, depending on how old life is, it may even help us understand how our planet changed while life arose and after life arose.
If it's not there, then the glass beads that they found the water in could also contain trapped gases and compounds that we've become better at detecting. Gases were found in one of the beads brought back by Apollo 15, https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1991LPI....22..409...
It will likely take decades to figure out most of the information those samples will contain. Helium 3 wasn't discovered in the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 samples until the 1980s. The Apollo samples are still yielding new science all these decades later.
I'm so excited about what the future has in store for us.
If you'd like to learn more, this is a fairly approachable article written by NASA's former Chief Scientist, Dr. Jim Green, https://room.eu.com/article/evolution-of-volatiles-on-the-mo...
The Moon as a Recorder of Organic Evolution in the Early Solar System: A Lunar Regolith Analog Study — https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ast.2014.1217
Potential for prebiotic chemistry at the poles of the Moon — https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.4...