For debugging: get used to webkit inspector and Firebug. console.log is the best thing since sliced bread (object inspection, etc). Use a `debugger;` statement to insert breakpoints [3].
node.js: get started with Express [4] and mocha [5]. Make the jump to coffeescript after you're comfortable, it's a great fit on the server. Read howtonode's articles to get an introduction to various aspects of node [6].
[1] jshint.com
[2] https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS
[3] https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Debugging