What it’s like to fall into the deadly Australian plant, gympie-gympie
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To say the stings were painful would be gross understatement (it's not something one ever forgets)! Nevertheless I was lucky as my encounter could have been much, much worse if it had not been for a quick-thinking local who grabbed me by the belt and pulled me back as we were tracking through some thick undergrowth (he saw it before me but not quite quickly enough).
Also, I'd been forewarned about Gympie-Gympie and another nasty native which is aptly known as Lawyer Cane/Vine or Wait-A-While (Calamus muelleri) — once you're in its 'claws', needle-like hooks, you definitely wait—you're not going anywhere quickly (extracting oneself is a long and painful process).
Being forewarned doesn't help much if one's only description of these hazards is verbal, one needs a picture as both are hard to see in the thick scrub and undergrowth and much of it looks pretty much the same (both are easily disguised amongst other greenery).
Fortunately the Gympie-Gympie only got me on the back of one hand. I was also lucky in another respect in that the local advised me to wear long pants and a long-sleeved shirt before we started out on that treck. (As it's so hot and humid in the Daintree such attire wasn't the usual norm, but getting around shirtless and in shorts is.)
Back at base, much time was spent with the medical kit tweezers extracting the essentially invisible hair-like threads that had embedded themselves into my skin. I recall some lidocaine-based sunburn cream helped but my hand was sore for ages afterwards.
Just based on Australia's reputation alone I don't think I would ever even think about venturing outside in anything short of a hazmat suit on top of a suit of plate mail :-)
Cheers
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redback_spider
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_funnel-web_spider,
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrax
One of my staff had lots of Atrax robustus in his backyard and over a period he brought several to work and they became the Electronics Department's 'pet' (but we only kept one at a time).
We put him (with A. robustus the males are more deadly and agressive than the females) in a large empty coffee jar with rocks and dirt filling about a third the jar and with air holes in the lid which were just big enough to fit a pencil through. We kept him fed on slaters (woodlice) and crickets and he took pride of place on my office desk. Typically, they'd live for 18 months to two years.
They were talking points for visitors to my office (some were horried but most just curious). When I'd come in of a morning and switch the lights on he'd rear up on his hind legs with fangs thrust out. I'd occasionally respond by sticking one of those red 'Copperplate' pencils though an air hole and he'd attack it. The venom could be clearly seen running down the outside of the pencil. I kept that badly pocked-marked pencil as a souvenir for some years but unfortunately I've since lost it.
Also, I was 'lucky' enough to have the organization's union rep as one of my staff. Often, he'd come into my office for a discussion and he'd jokingly preface our convention to the effect 'We expect your cooperation in this matter or we'll let him loose when you're not looking.'
For some reason, that post horrified several UK readers.
:-)
The Emmagen Creek 'local' was someone who I already knew, he used to work for me in electronics but chucked it in to 'go bush' with his better half and ended up taking over a disused tin-mining lease under the pretext of prospecting for tin but in reality he did little other than to loll around eating papaya which grew everywhere around his dwelling.
Somehow or other he invited me and another colleague to visit him and we agreed although it was very inconvenient for me at the time. (I had university assignments to complete—so when not trekking about in the bush you can picture me doing formal logic assignments sitting on a stump in that wilderness. Getting the assignments back to the uni in a timely manner was a somewhat fickle hit-and-miss process—I had to pay the local hippies who lived on the beach some miles away rather handsomely to take them to Cairns to post whenever they went there to collect their dole payments.)
Australia isn't really that bad, not that many of us fall victim to or are gobbled up by the wildlife every year but it does happen. We locals are rather blasé about wandering in the 'bush' without much protection—hazmat suits would be deemed totally unnecessary. Though the Daintree Rainforest probably has more to be concerned about than many other areas, there are crocodiles in the larger rivers and you'd be advised not to swim in them, also the cassowarys can be quite aggressive, especially so when nesting (see heading 'Attacks'): https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassowary.
I got a bit of a scare myself when at Cape Tribulation. Emmagen Creek is just that, a small permanently-flowing creek with a few good swimming holes about two minutes walk from where we were camping. As was my wont, first thing of a morning I'd go to the creek to wash up and bush my teeth at its bank. One morning I sensed the presence of something nearby and to my right less than 18" away was a yellow-bellied black snake of a type I wasn't familiar with (like those I know from down south). Like me, it was hanging from bank and drinking the water (it seemed totally obvious to my presence). No worries, one keeps perfectly still in those situations. When it finished drinking it just slid away.
Oh, that wasn't as nearly scary as when I accidentally stood on one of these critters close to where I lived as a kid (it was sunning itself on a bush path just around a bend that I couldn't see around): https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_brown_snake.
This is one truly nasty bugger that one doesn't want to mess with. I felt this squish under my foot, fortunately it took of at great speed in one direction and I did the fastest back-flip of my life in the opposite direction.
See, there are hazards here, but one usually survives.
Something significantly lower down the brain stem kicks in and you react before your conscious brain even realises what's going on.
It's actually kinda fascinating to experience because you can tell our fear of snakes isn't something "learned"... It's baked into the hardware by evolution somewhere down in that pre-human part of the brain.
I don't think I've ever moved so fast in my life. I was 14 at the time so I was light, fit and agile. That said, my reaction time would likely have been slower than the snake if it had decided to strike. That was decades ago before decent antivenin and I was a reasonable distance from medical help and also I was by myself (trekking in the Blue Mountains by oneself at any age is stupid thing to do, so I was very lucky).
With my snake encounter at Emmagen Creek things were a little different, I was older about 30 and I'd learned the worst thing to do was to startle the snake so one should keep perfectly still—and I did although it was difficult.
I still wonder about that encounter, the snake definitely† wasn't there when I arrived at the Creek's bank so I was moving about and making noise. Most snakes I've encountered whilst bushwalking I've seen at a distance—2, 3 metres away—and they quickly scurry off but this one came awfully close whilst I was moving around and it showed no sign of aggression or seemingly any concern for my presence.
† My grandmother came from outback NSW and was bush and snake wise so I was taught from a very early age to always keep an eye out for them whilst wandering through the bush and I did so at Emmagen Creek as I do when bushwalking anywhere. The fact is the snake arrived after me and I find that strange.
I'm confident that, to this day, it's the most terror I've ever felt...
Like you said, I just froze... Slowly walked backwards to give it space... Then it just turned around and fucked off back outside.
Needless to say, I was very careful about keeping all doors to the house closed from that point forward.
I'm their victim—they having stung me on multiple occasions.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abb8828
> "We show here that the venoms of Australian Dendrocnide species contain heretofore unknown pain-inducing peptides that potently activate mouse sensory neurons and delay inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. These neurotoxins localize specifically to the stinging hairs and are miniproteins of 4 kDa, whose 3D structure is stabilized in an inhibitory cystine knot motif, a characteristic shared with neurotoxins found in spider and cone snail venoms."
It's remarkably stable: 100-yr old dried botanical specimens can still sting. This research is pretty difficult as the individual stinging hairs produce only tiny volumes of liquid, requiring the use of sensitive mass spectrometry techniques.
"These irritation-inducing molecules include histamine, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine as well as formic acid and other low–molecular weight organic acids."
Having been stung by bull-ants and like brethren, I can attest that as bad and as painful as these formic acid/concoction-type stings were they pail against what I experienced from Gympie-Gympie.
"…none of these small molecules in the volar forearm of humans was entirely sufficient to reproduce the symptoms of a Dendrocnide sting,"
That is also fully consistent with my experience.
What I find so interesting about this paper (in addition to my interest through experience), is that these are newly discovered toxins which seems somewhat strange given the ubiquity of Gympie-Gympie and its well-known ability to inflict excruciating pain.
Presumably, this discovery will spur on further toxins research.
2 ton marsupials, for example https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_megafauna
Or heck maybe skip the vaccine and create some monoclonals against it. Although my understanding is that creating monoclonals usually requires isolating B cells targeting the right epitope from someone and sequencing them so some unlucky donor human or animal would need to touch the plant first.
https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/10/how-cone-snail...
Poor guy grabbed a handful of Gympie-gympie that was on the ground next to him and proceeded to wipe his ass with it.
Legend says he ended up topping himself a few hours later to escape the pain.
Whether it's true or not... Fuck only knows. We do like making shit up... Especially when it makes Yanks uncomfortable ;)
Poison ivy is certainly nowhere near this description of gympie-gympie, but the persistent itch is certainly unrelenting enough to cause pretty severe distress. I got a small touch of it on my forearm one time. Didn't even know I had brushed up against the plant, so I didn't perform the recommended clean up. Just from absent mindedly scratching, I ended up spreading the oil over almost my entire forearm and onto my leg. I barely slept for two weeks.
Bad idea.
The smoke carries the oils and if you get in it, you're going to be in for a bad time.
Australian ecology, from what I understand, really evolved in isolation for quite some time.
topping himself
The English Language is definitely different around the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrocnide_moroides#Mechanism
Just don't go into the warm water or the box jellyfish will get you. Keep an eye out for Sting-rays too... Nobody wants to go out like old-mate Steve.
Oh and don't go into the cold water either, blue-ringed octopus... Nasty buggers.
Rivers too... Not a great idea... Crocks are pretty nippy when they're hungry.
Creeks are pretty safe... Except for those duck-billed, beaver looking mother-fuckers with their poisonous spurs everywhere... (platypus).
Best to avoid the dessert too... Taipan's are pretty nasty. Oh and the fire ants...
Come to think of it, the bush has Tiger Snakes... Probably should avoid that too... Just stay at home...
... Oh... And keep an eye out for the spiders... They really like being indoors where you sleep... Will also kill you...
The main thing to remember though... The true threat... Our sworn enemy for all eternity... Our nations true oppressors... Those fucking Emus.
https://www.jcu.edu.au/this-is-uni/natural-and-built-environ...
But also, these guys are like… A+ proof of dinosaur’s evolution into birds… you can pretty much picture Cassowaries in place of the raptors in Jurassic park…
Some extra Cassowary info.
https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2019...
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/how-da...
annecdote: i once went for a job at edinburgh university zoology department (i would have been about 19 at the time), and was confronted with a mostly disected mess.
interviewer: what do you make of that?
me: it looks like a badly disected cassowary.
it was a cassowary (where from, who knows - they don't roam wild on arthur seat) and i didn't get the job (good).
Yes, sure, we have some deadly snakes, spiders, crocodiles, a few plants like in the OP, etc. But so do many other countries/regions around the world, including the USA.
In practice, the vast majority of Australians never have any contact with them, and actual cases of people being killed or seriously harmed by these things are extremely rare, and are much less common than fatalities/serious injuries from traffic accidents, which also have quite low rates by international standards.
Australians like to think of themselves as tough, but, I dunno, we're pretty much like most other people around the world in my experience :)
Edit:
Some actual data:
There were 541 animal-related deaths reported to an Australian coroner between 2001 and 2017, with an average of 32 animal-related deaths reported per calendar year. Land mammals comprised the majority (71.0%) of deaths, followed by reptiles and amphibians (10.7%) and insects and invertebrates (8.7%).
...
Nearly one third (31.8%) of animal-related deaths involved horses.
https://www.ncis.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCIS-fact...
---
In the same period, nearly 25000 people died in traffic accidents, according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_i...
Going from memory, feel free to correct: - Tons of snakes that will ruin your day (and probably week/month), but most of them have high survival rates and anti-venom. I was shocked to find they're often survivable without treatment? We're running out of anti-venom for coral snakes (interestingly they're basically cobras), but they're famously docile and have a weak bite.
- Two dangerous spiders, but both fairly treatable with medical attention. Though brown recluse bites that progress can be pretty scary
- Alligators are surprisingly non-dangerous, if not fed, or intentionally interacted with. They'll walk right past you, and want nothing to do with people
- Big cats aren't too common and tend to avoid people; but I guess they've been seeing a few more attacks out west
So it's mostly just bears. Actually, contrary to popular knowledge, black bears kill quite a few people. They can become predatory. Brown bears are obviously scary. I think it's also a myth that you should always play dead... you have to really understand bear behavior to know what to do.Australia has crocs that seriously hunt people, and fight them over territory. Plus snakes that are super deadly. I guess almost all venomous spiders are less of a big deal than I was lead to believe growing up and usually not fatal, even without medical attention... but you wouldn't want to get bit by a funnel web.
However, people living in north QLD, NT and WA are definitely in nature's territory. Crocodiles are now inhabiting almost every waterway, dry conditions make taipan snakes and spiders a real threat, and the rainforest really does has dangerous plants and animals. As an FNQ resident, most locals no longer swim at the beaches.
I think your perspective depends on where you live.
That being said, they never lost a war against their wildlife...
America doesn’t have wild dogs. America doesn’t have a biting dog problem. There were 27 dog related deaths last year. Considering how many dogs exist, that’s nothing. People sleep in bed with their dogs, people let their dogs play with infants.
At least not deadly to humans. Not sure what impact it's having on, say, other plant species in The South.
I've cleared a couple patches of it a long time ago, it takes persistence but isn't as bad as some other plants in the end. Letting a goat have a go at it a few times a year will end it in a couple seasons.
At least the snakes are mostly kind enough to fuck off to where the humans don't live.
Eastern brown snakes and Sydney funnel webs like urban environments. But as you say they don't kill many people even though they can.
Cars and humans are far worse.
The thing about Australia's flora and fauna is that Australia has such a low population density. I think that if it matched the US, far more people would die from it's creepy animals etc.
Still, when you look at the statistics, any urban area in the U.S. is more dangerous than Australian wildlife. Both the roads and the people.
Edit: downvoter doesn’t grok math
You are not only more likely to be attacked by a human in New York than the wildlife in Australia, you’re more likely to be bitten by a New Yorker than a critter in Oz.
(Admitting that such stories probably do help educate the kiddies, the noobs, etc.)
The platypus is one of the most interesting ones, being a mammal that lays eggs. The males have venomous spurs on their hind legs. That said, there are no recorded deaths from a platypus sting.
In 2019, some newly erects signs on a freeway in Melbourne came down in high winds due to some defective bolts. There was even some dramatic dash-cam footage of a car being crushed. Fortunately no one was killed, but it did generate the quip that in Australia, even the road signs are trying to kill you.
I was going to ask. I remember an old woman in my childhood, someone in the extended family, she could take nettles and crush them in her hands and felt nothing. I'm not sure but it may have been partly due to handling them to make soup and whatnot in those days.
So I was just thinking... there's gotta be a way to become immune.
Couldn´t some kind of lasers/radio break down the hairs?
Just yesterday we had this story:
https://abcnews.go.com/International/police-hunt-man-platypu...
I wonder why the platypus didn't go, "OK, mate, you wanted a taste of the wild? Here you go then." (stings him)
I was born here and have lived a fairly good time so far... hell I've even played paintball in the bush. you learn to pay attention to your surroundings pretty quick :-)
You would think that independent evolution would cause some benign evolution as well. Nope. Australia went the "kill everything" route.