Neuroscientists who have attempted to compare what people think about how we think and how we ACTUALLY think have concluded that self-reports are entertaining to listen to, but not very informative. That is, we have more of an illusion of introspection than a reality.
The level at which we ARE self-aware of our own thinking does not seem to me to be more impressive than the ability of something like ChatGPT to generate training data that can in turn be used to help create much smaller models with similar capabilities, or future models with better ones. In other words LLMs are capable of some form of learning through introspection, and we do not appear to be close to the limits of how much self-improvement they are capable of.
But https://simonwillison.net/2023/Mar/17/beat-chatgpt-in-a-brow... suggests that for less than the average developer's salary we could develop something equivalent to ChatGPT in a browser. And better systems are coming soon.
This isn't 100% true.... I think people are using something called the Reflexon model where you ask GPT for an answer, then feed that answer back to GPT and ask what is wrong with it allowing self examination and a significant improvement of its previous answer.
Now, GPT has no method of long term learning by reincorporating these answers back into its system to improve its future behavior, which is a huge limitation.
But overall, I find there's a bit of a boundary problem when considering current ML models. Is GPT considered self-reflective if we embed it in a system that mimics such an ability?
Feedback loops are critical to intelligent thought. We know this, and it should come as no surprise that we'll need to explicitly add them to AI systems.
We obviously have a huge evolutionary pressure for having a semi-accurate internal model of ourselves that we can use to project out into the future and avoid possible harm - I guess there is no similar pressure / incentive for LLMs.