Note: you can't supervise an existing device without wiping it, so this is an experiment to conduct with a spare phone, or one already managed by Configurator/MDM.
Apple Configurator training: https://it-training.apple.com/tutorials/deployment/dm095
Wi-Fi payload: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicemanagement/w...
Another option is using Apple's MDM for small business to define a list of approved SSIDs, https://www.apple.com/business/essentials/
Edit: is there an option to "Remove Profile" in Settings?
General -> VPN & Device Management -> Configuration Profiles
Edit2: workaround by null routing the carrier's Wi-Fi SSID? https://www.reddit.com/r/tmobile/comments/vvt6dd/comment/iyr... Change IP address to manual and 127.0.0.1
Change subnet mask to 255.255.255.0
Change DNS to manual and 251.252.253.254