Font-Embedding Icons the Right Way—A Legitimate Alternative to Images
somerandomdude.com
somerandomdude.com
edit: after some googling it appears that those code points are defined to be the glyphs from "ITC Zapf Dingbats". There is reference glyphs for all code points, and there is no "standard" font. I guess some font foundries license ITC Zapf Dingbats to cover that range in their font?
If your selected default font isn't appropriate, an application can use font substitution to render selected glyphs using another font.
May I ask: What's this like for accessibility? How do screen readers render these?
The creator of IcoMoon (http://keyamoon.com/icomoon/) has made a nice demo video: