Found it:
E-fuels are produced by synthesising captured CO2 emissions and hydrogen produced using CO2-free electricity. They are considered carbon neutral because the CO2 released when the fuel is combusted is balanced by the CO2 removed from the atmosphere to produce the fuel.
And also learnt that they're also called "electrofuels" [1].
That makes it sound less horrible, except that such production doesn't exist yet at a sensible/interesting scale as far as I understand.