I don't know anything about wolves really, but with dogs, most individual components of body language are pretty ambiguous. For example,
- many dogs will rapidly wag their tails just before getting into a vicious fight (it doesn't just mean 'happy')
- dogs will generally bare teeth as a warning/threat, but some will also show their teeth as a greeting (Google 'heeler smile')
- some stress/calming signals (e.g., pulling ears back or lowered tail) can occur as normal parts of safe, mutual play
To get a sense of what a dog is feeling and how it might act, you really have to integrate all of its body language into a single context.All of that is to say that if someone who works at a respectable wolf habitat/rescue tells me that a growl-y vocalization from a wolf is not always aggressive, I don't have a hard time believing that.
(I'd love to learn more about wolf body language and how it differs from that of domestic dogs!)
My dog has played a few times with a rescue mutt (bit of rottie in there?) who growls pretty loud in the heat of the moment. Was frightening to hear, but shes not aggressive at all.
But the growls are kind of cute, and probably sound a lot more ominous than they are. https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTRv5LQGC/
(If this is a “citation needed” situation: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-human-bites/b...)
there's no wilderness... it's all somebody's backyard.