Plan 9's 9P is a nice file protocol: http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/man/5/INDEX.html.
A client implementation has been available for Linux since version 2.6 (http://cm.bell-labs.com/wiki/plan9/v9fs/index.html).
A client implementation has been available for Linux since version 2.6 (http://cm.bell-labs.com/wiki/plan9/v9fs/index.html).
Edit: I just found a very recent paper on Improving the performance of Styx based services over high latency links (Styx being the Inferno name for 9P): http://gsyc.es/tr-docs/RoSaC-2011-2.pdf