I also don’t think tech debt is a problem in and of itself. And I’ve worked a number of startups with serious tech debt that was holding back velocity.
I really enjoy the challenge of plotting a course out of a hole like that. However in my experience without management buy-in it just won’t happen. Even if you as an engineer do the planning work to make it as easy as possible to pick off low hanging fruit, you’ll typically be seen as “off task”. You’ll get lip service about how code quality matters, because without that they’ll scare away the other devs. But they’ll be hoping you give up and just focus on delivering what the management team is asking for each quarter.
It takes a ton of patience and management hand-holding, on the scale of 2+ years to shift the culture. And you have to be willing to forgo any chance at personal advancement for that time. Because you’re “off task”.
I think you could take that approach and eventually get an advancement bump around the 3-4 year timeframe but it’s not the fastest way to advance by any means.
And the total failure rate for an endeavor like that is pretty high. Maybe more than half.
Still, it is fascinating work.