He makes the case that one factor of many in the success of SV was people played iterated games with the same people, which effectively built trust. Now the companies and stakes are so huge that it can be worth it to break that trust sometimes because the benefits of a single win (billions of dollars) can dwarf the downsides.
It’s an insight that makes sense to me and something I wouldn’t have considered otherwise.
Relationships should be founded on shared values, not shared goals. Because once most members of the group have reached their goals, what's left to bind them to the rest of the group? Nothing. Of course they will (and should) throw the rest of the group under the bus as soon as they are able. It's not the same group which initially signed up for anyway, it changed.
E.g. I may say that I trust my bank with my money but, in fact, I have no shared values with them. I only trust them to the extent that I know that their executives are well off and they don't want to go to jail. I assume that they will do everything they can within the law to screw me over though, so my trust is limited.
In game theory, there's a big difference between a so-called "iterated prisoner's dilemma" and a one-shot prisoner's dilemma. Call these IPD and OPD.
Basically under the conditions of the past couple of decades, you could model Silicon Valley as an IPD. Under an IPD it always makes most sense to remain loyal.
But because of macroeconomic and technological changes (what author calls 'The End of the Beginning'), Silicon Valley models more like an OPD these days.
But under an OPD the winning strategy is to be self-interested.
Anyone who has noticed the shift from IPD to OPD ahead of their peers is able to make big bucks -- if only at the cost of their reputations. (But again, we don't care about 'next time', this is a one-shot, so reputations are now next to worthless.)
Specifically, with regard to SVB, depositors could have HODLed (if you will) as investors did for e.g. the run-up in GameStop.
The article insinuates that in the past, under historic/IPD conditions in Silicon Valley, they probably would have.
However, under contemporary conditions, OPD makes most sense, and most VCs, being savvy, sort of intuited this, and everyone tried to be the first out the door.
There's a broader point as well, alluded to near the end of the article -- that even more broadly speaking, our whole civ is edging closer to being best modelled as an OPD, which in turn pushes more systems towards collapse, and in doing so, invites more regulations, which in turn tamp down on growth.
So this article, if correct, comes with a gloomy forecast, and suggests that 'die fatten Jahre sind forbei' (the years of plenty are over) -- and not just for the Valley.
Great article. Prescient and uncomfortable.
To be honest, I didn't even see that many examples of bad behavior. Some bank managers took some big risks and an unlikely event blew up in their face. Some CEOs and VCs panicked, but I would too.
I dont particularly care for the account holder bailout, but I get it. Whisper "contagion" and people panic after 2008.
If anything, what I learned over the last 72 hours is how much resentment and bitterness has been brewing. It is a pretty amazing level of outrage for something with so little relevance for most people.
Steal a $2 bag of chips, get a year in jail. Take a stupid risk on overfunding your account over FDIC insurance, the taxpayers have your back, whether they want to or not.
It's garbage.
Fine it's an error, take your medicine. My problem is when the average Joe makes an error, they get the full force of the justice system coming down on them. Walk around the area, you'll see a bunch of them living in tents.
Is it accurate to say that you are mad the system, and not tech specifically? Afterall, VCs and tech workers aren't the ones locking people up. If anything, it seems like they are softer than average on crime. When I walk the streets in the bay area I see stolen cars and when I go shopping I see people flagrantly robbing stores.
I don't like the account holder bailout either, but in reality, it has much less impact on me. The other banks will pick up the tab and I will probably see another nickel or dime in fees on my checking account.
> regular citizens didn't get shafted at every opportunity but the wealthy always get a pass.
Not in this case in my view, but generally I would agree with you. Unfortunately, this is how power works... and I don't know that any society, bar perhaps an authoritarian one with a benevolent dictator (but that is destined to fail too over time), has solved it fully or even acceptably. If we think back to the French Revolution, I think as long as the populace is mostly happy, then the powerful are able to get away with things; it is when the population is more down and out that the pitchforks are sharpened and the torches readied with fire - so the powerful have to keep that in mind, always.
Bridging that timing issue will cost a few billion dollars in real cash, and other banks are being fined to make up the difference.
>Any losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund to support uninsured depositors will be recovered by a special assessment on banks, as required by law.
I'm assuming it is all banks and the fine will be proportional to their size.
https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1337
This is basically how the 250k FDIC money is covered as well. All banks have to pay insurance fees to the FDIC, and when one goes belly up, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation pays out. The only difference is the 250k is prepaid
1) SVB invested too heavily in long-term bonds, which reduced their ability to maintain liquidity. In particular, with the inverted yield curve, the recent increase in interest rates seems to me to have made it more likely that these long-term bonds were going to be underwater either way
2) Peter Thiel (allegedly?) instigated a run on the bank by advising people to pull money, partially(?) due to reports that they lacked sufficient liquidity
I don't see the depositors being at fault here. In so far as the depositors had accounts in excess of the FDIC insured limits, first, it seems really difficult for companies to have a sufficient pool of liquid cash in an account somewhere such that they can pay payroll from it. Second, I have read accounts of startups being lent funds from SVB, but with the requirement that the funds be kept in SVB as well. SVB was the de facto choice, from how it sounds, so I don't blame the startups for going with what was a proven good solution... even if it was later proven not so good.
Also, it seems like the FDIC is doing the right thing. All of the insured funds are covered, and it seems like they're also covering all of the deposits in excess by liquidating the assets at a loss, which the bank's shareholders will eat.
Overall, it doesn't seem like a good situation, but we seem to have avoided a train wreck, at least from where I'm sitting. I may be missing things, and I don't have much experience in finance.
My understanding is that assets wont cover the deposits. The FDIC is making the entire banking system pick up the tab with what amounts to a fine on all banks. This will either come out of the profits at other banks or get passed on to account holders of those banks as higher fees/lower interest.
>Any losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund to support uninsured depositors will be recovered by a special assessment on banks, as required by law.
I moved to SF in 2008, and it was the most magical place on the planet. I met amazing people everywhere I went... smart, interesting people who just wanted to make cool things. I loved every second of it.
And it's still that way to me. And I say this as a person who's been to my share of fancy VC parties. Sure, things have changed a bit, but the greedy, out of touch caricature of SF I see online doesn't match what I see in person.
Even during the past 72 hours, I got dozens of texts and emails from people checking to see if my company was okay and asking if they could help. Everyone I know is genuine, hard-working, passionate, curious and kindhearted.
It's become clear the pervasive impression is that people in SV are rich, out of touch and barely work. Maybe that's true and I just don't know that version of SV. But I think the Musks of the world have won the perception game, and we're all going down with them.
Edit: clarification
Outside ML, there has literally been zero innovation on the tech front in the past decade or so. We all got our internet phones, and the tech shifted into how to extract money from people (or sell people in the context of advertising) through these phones.
The main goal became to do whatever it takes to get users, then monetize the user base, then sell to/get acquired by some random company with lots of cash to burn to expand their portfolio with another item that generates revenue.
Then, after some time, monetization of the user base wasn't even a goal anymore. It was sufficient to just get users, which translated to companies valuation, which then translated into stock price that you can take to a bigger company and let them pay for additional development once they acquire the company.
Ive met (and interviewed) plenty of smart people from SV as well. Most of their experience is something web adjacent. They talk about setting up distributed systems, building pipelines, automating stuff, all for a product that is in the end ultimately worthless to society - the value is all generated through hypothetical stock price in terms of how much someone would pay for this in the future.
So these people all just pawn in the game perpetuated by the finance sector that only gives a fuck about a number. And they participate in it because of another number. We could all have much better lives if SV was about tech instead of numbers.
Post-SVB: Same.
Nobody anywhere would argue with "people do bad things", but people where I am would be puzzled if that was your only assessment.
We do things here for the betterment of society not just because it's "the right thing" morally, but because it's the right thing practically. It benefits _us_. We're part of society.
This kind of pragmatic morality is smeared as socialism by the USA, by the people who stand to lose their near total control of the country.
And P.S. we're all the same, there's nothing special about Europe. You can have this too, without losing your freedoms (which by the way, we also have!). And we also have bad people, it's just that we see them as the exceptions, not the norm.
I hear this a lot from Americans that haven't been here. But I'm talking about Europe _right now_, not some imaginary fairy tale land.
> I think you'd have a hard time quantifying your perspective
I can only talk of my own experiences of course, but the majority of Americans I've talked to who have stayed for more than a month (more than just a holiday) are amazed at how high the quality of life is here, and how friendly people are.
> It's not the only assessment. Just statistically likely that it's the majority.
Perhaps in America — and I'd believe it, I've visited a few times — but not here. Unfortunately, it's also a self-fulfilling prophecy; the more you believe it, the truer it becomes.
R&D used to be quite conservative and limited, true, but conducted by deep-pocketed companies or governments. Now people are encouraged to take the risks themselves, live a precarious life funding round to funding round, encouraged by a massive but distant carrot most people never even smell.
SVB feels like another part on this play. It reads to me like their business model barely made sense - but so what? It would pay while the music is playing, and if it fails, the bag holders are the same start-up hopefuls.
I totally think there is a niche for startups, and people who are well-suited to work there, but not at the levels we are seeing. Anyone who can hold a broom is told to set up an "Uber for cleaning" or whatever, and that's not a good idea.
Their investment may have been a case of greed and poorly controlled risk.
Risk management at financial institutions isnt meant to be an exercise of expecting or planning for the normal. Any way we slice it, they failed to adequately assess risk.
You can’t prepare for all outcomes and this was not one a bank expects. A 3 day 40 billion dollar draw down maybe a first ever event for any bank in all of history. Should they also have risk managed for a nuclear bomb going off in their lobby?
Get real man. Recognize that you are Monday morning quarterbacking here.
> Last week, depositors started pulling out their money and to meet that demand, the bank had to sell its investment in bonds whose value had declined due to rising interest rates.
> SVB Bank had last week sold its $21-billion bond portfolio consisting of US Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities at a loss of $1.8 billion.
> Over 95 percent of these mortgage-backed securities were over 10 years in duration, with a weighted average yield of 1.56 per cent.
> The bank had invested heavily in Mortgage-backed securities and US Treasuries last year through deposit money to earn higher returns. The bank had seen a huge influx of deposits but struggled to find enough credit demand to deploy that money at desired yields.
> As per reports, SVB had over $80 billion worth of investments in mortgage-backed securities.
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/mc-explains-what-...
> Investors and depositors tried to pull $42 billion from Silicon Valley Bank on Thursday in one of the biggest US bank runs in more than a decade, according to a Friday regulatory filing.
> At the close of business on March 9, the bank had a negative cash balance of $958 million, according to an order taking possession of the bank filed Friday by California’s bank regulator, the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation.
> The scale of attempted withdrawals was so large that the bank ran out of cash and ways to get it.
https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:O_auqz...
> The run was sparked by a letter that Silicon Valley Bank Chief Executive Officer Greg Becker sent to shareholders Wednesday. The bank had suffered a $1.8 billion loss on the sale of US treasuries and mortgage-backed securities and outlined a plan to raise $2.25 billion of capital to shore up its finances.
> But the root of its demise goes back several years. Like many other banks, SVB ploughed billions into US government bonds during the era of near-zero interest rates.
> When interest rates rise, bond prices fall, so the jump in rates eroded the value of SVB’s bond portfolio. The portfolio was yielding an average 1.79% return last week, far below the 10-year Treasury yield of around 3.9%, Reuters reported.
https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/13/investing/silicon-valley-bank....
The rules didn't change recently, the rules just got executed as planned, which prescribed the FDIC takeover.
Since the idea of banks began as long ago as 1,800 BC in Babylon.
Post-SVB: Not much has changed.
There is a ton of misunderstanding about SVB. Some think we're bailing out billionaires. We're not. There's a lot you can criticize the governemnt for. This isn't one of those situations. SVB didn't manage its risk and fell out of compliance with its debt ratios. The government stepped in, dissolved the bank, paid out the depositors and the shareholders are at the back of the line. And it cost the taxpayers nothing.
I've long been convinced Peter Thiel is awful in pretty much every way. I hope this gets investigated because there's a reasonable suspicion that Thiel created a run on SVB, either intentionally or just accidentally. Why? Who knows.
The problem that SVB faced was falling out of compliance with debt ratios. The modern banking system works on fractional reserves. The US requires IIRC 10%. A run of withdrawals still meant they were asset positive but didn't have enough cash on hand. That's what forced the sale of their liquid assets at a discount.
So, no, this probably won't cost the taxpayers anything, directly or indirectly.
Post-SVB Peter Thiel: Dark and selfish example of the worst of the hacker mindset.
The petition here on HN sealed that view.
Not really a view of Silicon Valley though, unless people making said comments are from Silicon Valley.
Post FDIC, bank runs were historically handled by the FDIC either merging the bank with a solvent one, or taking it over. Depositors below a certain amount lost exactly $0, amounts above that were at risk. That amount was currently at $250,000.
What's new is that depositors above the threshold have been made whole.
Big corporate rules all, sees all, owns all.
Kinda like NYC screw-you-pay-me but with a faux niceness.
too many armchair expert not understand issue effect people who not gamble money but victim of just having deposit.
main issue bankers did not hedge risk of inflation. why helping start ups survive losing all they cash is going to change my mind?
and this country waste tens of billions on bloated bureaucracy government. but a dime to people who will do innovation is bad? disagree
I know tech's seen bad days before (e.g. the dotcom bubble), but that was before I got into the industry. All these bad headlines are definitely making me worry about my own prospects for sure.
If you go back and read books like Hackers[0] or The Soul of The New Machine[1] even the cast of characters is weirdly similar. That piece of geography seems to really strongly attract both the Founder and Venture Capitalist personality, who really are misfits most other places.
I suspect the chaos of the last few days is healthy for the system overall because it makes it look risky and possibly not even a payoff. That's not the way it looked 3 years ago.
As a result I suspect people who hang around will build even cooler stuff than we've seen in the previous 3 years.
[0] https://www.amazon.com/Hackers-Computer-Revolution-Steven-Le...
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Soul-New-Machine-Tracy-Kidder/dp/0316...
California is a vast cesspool.
Well played.
Imho it'll take very slowly for it, as the impacts are really distributed across the entire country: accelerated its inflation and hyperinflation