Hyphen. You'll also hear it called "hyphen-minus"
‐ 002010;HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
− 002212;MINUS SIGN;Sm;0;ES;;;;;N;;;;;
I do know and use the compose key but it's not the same as having a standard key for it. Trying on a mobile device, long pressing the dash key there suggests 2 dashes (not sure if the second choice is en-dash or em-dash), which is some but that's not the 4 types discussed here.
But maybe for humans it's easier if we have a limited character set and use context instead. Like this.
In plain text, - is a hyphen:
twenty-five, -1
In math context - is a minus sign $ (-1)^3 + x^3 $
Where it will be ensured to be rendered as appropriate(This discussion is similar to the classic net discussion about TAB‐the‐ASCII‐character versus TAB‐the‐keyboard‐key, with some people having trouble conceptualizing the difference.)