I think comparing Chomsky to Jesuit astronomers declining to look through Galileo’s telescope is an unfair analogy.

A better analogy in my opinion would be Einstein's attitude to quantum mechanics, he accepted that it had predictive power but was militantly in the camp that it was incomplete as a theory for various reason. Similar to how Chomsky thinks that deep learning is effective and interesting as an engineering concept to generate language but sheds relatively very little light on how human intelligence and language works on a deeper level.