Yes, but very limited. They are only allowed to ask "are you a US citizen", and walk a dog around the car. I've never had one take more than 60 seconds in either AZ or CA.
I think there are demographics that have different experiences than mine, especially when there's a dog involved (who can provide any excuse necessary:)
In Australia I've been stopped many dozens of times for a "random breath test" where they stop every car and make you blow into the device to check blood alcohol.
I've never had one take more than 30 seconds.