2. They assume a 5% down payment and a PMI in their affordability calculation, when it's common for households to make a larger downpayment. Even though they looked at single individuals when making their income calculations they did not factor in single bedroom condos/townhouses/houses as part of the housing supply. Anything with an estimated cost over 30% income is calculated as unaffordable, which is a bit low. All of these factors conspire to push the percentage high.
3. I'm actually much more interested in different numbers when looking at affordable housing. Numbers such as what percentage of household budgets are spent on housing. What is the size and quality of the average house. What is the median age of a first time home buyer. What is the rate of home ownership. The numbers aren't great there either, but they are more relevant numbers.
4. I suspect Redfin is trying to stir up a bit of FOMO. Redfin makes commission on house sales. If they can make someone feel like their opportunity window to own a home is closing they might be able to generate more sales. Maybe this is actually the case for some folk, but the economic incentive should be acknowledged.