Men Without Full-Time Jobs Are 33% More Likely to Divorce
time.com
time.com
Also, we haven't come that far in regards to gender roles. Women wearing pants and going to work, and men wearing nail polish is the extent of what was normalized in society. Anything else and we still view it with very traditional lenses.
Even this is an optimistic lens: a man wearing nail polish at work is likely to play very differently between a coastal city and a small "heartland" town.
SV just like to put their own veneer on it to make it seem kinder and gentler than the NYC screw-you-pay-me approach, but make no mistake it's the same stuff.
Maybe he would, but he is quite an oddball in more ways than one. Both of his parents were Harvard/MIT professors, he is not silent about his political views (he at one point literally forbade anyone with a Trump hat to come in to his restaurant) so we shouldn't extrapolate from this one singular case one way or the other.
(excluding classical music)
Regarding men's fashion, I find it interesting that:
Long robes are still worn as formal/professional attire in certain contexts: judicial robes, academic regalia, clerical robes, etc..
Wigs seem largely out of style, with the professional exception of British judges and barristers.
Kilts are still around, but tunics are out of fashion and tights/leggings seem to be relegated to sports/athletics and dance.
One of the messages is "We are not here to do manual labour, fight physically, or display overt sexuality."
(Kilts are something of an exception, but they're dual-use.)
But I think you are on to something - men's attraction strategies are often via resources rather than health/fitness (or overt physical conflict with rivals.)
For instance, other studies have found that men's work is strongly tied to their sense of identity, much more so than women, so men who lose their identity could become depressed, irritable, lash out, etc.
myself i used to earn a lot less than my wife, but i never felt useless as i see my purpose in contributing to society and i could always do that by working with FOSS. it is my work and my purpose, even if it doesn't pay.
I don't think this is true of all women. But I and several of my friends have noticed that as our income level changed the level of support and tolerance from our wives changed noticeably.
When I'm making more money or receive a promotion my wife is noticeably more supportive and tolerant of me. Despite me being much happier and more agreeable at the low income jobs, my low income jobs still pay more than her job, and only caused a very small change to QoL (due to my large savings). I can only imagine what it's like if I made less than her or we had to actually start sacrificing due to lower pay.
And of my friends where the wife is noticeably more successful than the husband there is always quite a bit of stress from the wife who is constantly pushing him to be more successful. Not to mention the amount of crap these wives get for their less successful husbands, which is quite substantial.
I’ve seen this once: Trophy husband (college buddy) to a high earning wife.
They are still happily married though I don’t keep in touch.
More common: I’ve met Ivy League women (or similar, very smart) who’ve underachieved in their career, who wouldn’t marry down.
They asked me if I knew anyone but thin pickings in the 40s: I know guy, but he’s in the milita…nope.”
Another issue is that college educated women do not prefer to marry non college educated men. This is a problem because there are way more women in college than men.
The best place to be for successful women to find a mate is Silicon Valley where the gender ratio is so messed up. There is a joke that women in the Bay Area have a “49er attitude”. A 4 who thinks she is a 9 because of the abundance of successful and intelligent men.
This is a result of their own sky-high standards and unwillingness to date/marry down. The same is not true for a man.
> There is a joke that women in the Bay Area have a “49er attitude”. A 4 who thinks she is a 9 because of the abundance of successful and intelligent men.
Isn't this also true nationwide due to dating apps, skewing the perception of successful and attractive men on the apps as the new "average" ?
That's a very reductive take.
While I'm sure this is sometimes the case, is it inconceivable that it's also hard for women to fulfill their socially prescribed womanly duties while also being a high performer in their careers, and they have to choose between picking from a limited dating pool of partners who don't have traditional expectations, or a relationship which becomes punctuated by conflict over their unwillingness to take on duties expected of them?
Whereas a traditional relationship is centered around men as the primary (or sole) breadwinner, and the family structures revolve around catering to their domestic needs while they make the domestic/familial/social sacrifices in order to climb the career ladder, so (while I'm not denying it's also a frequent source of conflict) it's easier for high-achieving men to find partners who will accept the status quo and take on supporting roles
If I like fast cars and I'll I've ever been exposed to is your average beater, then it wouldn't take that much to excite me. A sporty commuter might even do it.
But if I've been consistently exposed to supercars, or if I even own one myself, then it will take a much more impressive vehicle to excite me.
Fundamentally, I'm still attracted to the same thing regardless of my situation: fast cars..but one scenario leaves me wanting a lot more than the other.
It's true on dating apps but those women come back to Earth as soon as they turn off Tinder. In Bay Area, women don't come back to Earth. Tinder or not.
The part time job might be more about spending too much time with your spouse rather than failure to provide.
We can of course say, oh they are supposed to be funny, loving, and do their fair share of chores. But what can only they bring?
I think this could be a driver of insecurity. If not a provider role, we haven’t figured out what alternative respectable roles they could fill, which means as far as culture is concerned they feel useless.
Majority of women are not ok with men making less, no matter what they say - its often an unrevealed preference.
I get the feeling that males not engaged in something perceptibly “productive” are judged very harshly.
Yes, it's hard. But you don't fight depression with endless gaming sessions. Quite the opposite, really.
I feel incredibly stupid playing multiplayer games during business hours because, well, who am I playing against/with? Either children or lazy bums.
Doomscrolling Insta is the death of self
Of course people retire, take days off, etc. I simply stated how I feel. Plenty of voice chats have left me with the impression that kids and "lazy bums" really do make up the majority during business hours, at least in the games I play - RTS and FPS
But, it was irritating that people gave me a hard time about it. Some people seem to need shared pain, and if they’re in pain but they see someone chilling, they’ll react to it.
Personally, I am looking forward to some gardening. I've spent several decades playing games multiple hours almost every week. Clearly not everyone has been wasting their youth as I did and I am glad for people who finally get to do what they want.
Put another way: that leaves 10 hours a day for eating, sleeping, and the actual things that make relationships work (quality time, sharing responsibilities, etc.). Unless your friend didn't sleep, he probably wasn't being a very attentive partner.
Makes a great guild leader though?
I have found that average number of hours played per day is negatively correlated with how laid-back the player is. Laidbackness is bimodal, in that lower skill and very high skill players tend to be laidback. A large amount of above average (but not excellent) players tend to play more hours per day, be more obsessive, less forgiving, and fairly judgemental of how other people play. I like to think of this as the Dunning-Kruger curve in action. We call these players "sweaties", because they are breaking a sweat and stressing over everything. Really great players don't stress, they just perform.
The newest Doom games are great, but there is no deep story, just enough plot and lore to give the game context. In a practical sense you're shootin, jumpin, and clickin -- 20 frenetic minutes of excitement. Put cursor over target until dopamine is deployed, repeat. Crazy adrenaline highs but also no larger engrossing activity except generating skulls for the skull throne.
-John Carmack
You cannot control for ”all” other factors in an observational study. You can control for ”how people choose to answer your survey questions,” which is two steps removed from the truth.
Virtually every correlation study can be criticized through this method. Modern correlation studies 'account for' or 'control for' all observed variables in an attempt to prevent criticism along this line. This type of correlation study exists essentially to say "this correlation is interesting", and spark investigation as to why they are correlated.
Sociology is primarily correlation studies because of the logistical and ethical challenges around experimentation. For example, if we could force a randomly selected group of males to be unemployed we could avoid the third variable problem and establish causation. However no ethics review board would consider "I'm curious if your marriage will survive" a valid reason to fire someone.
It's not just ethics, people may figure out what you are doing and change their behaviour.
For wealthier people, I intuitively doubt this holds because there are other fulfillment activities that supplant clawing at jobs for survival. Freedom from meeting survival needs can be counterintuitively freeing and depressingly boring or allow stopping to smell the proverbial roses, depending on individual outlook. There are millions of existentially depressed wealthy housewives who feel they don't have a greater purpose in the world, enough excitement, or anything new to look forward to... hence cheating, therapy, and post menstrual adventures breaking free from family.
I hypothesize from intuition that coupling, marriage, and families are more likely to start and continue when there is necessary and sufficient wealth captured. OTOH, crimes and diseases of despair (heroin and mass shootings) happen when there is not.. because happy and comfortable people generally don't throw themselves away. I'm wondering about the future of many countries, including China, where there are idle, surplus men without income... this is very dangerous.
I'm not really a Househusband, I still have a fulltime job, but I do most of the cooking and cleaning and errands, so I related to it a lot.
Long hours, those guys work, and now they're home all the time. Small annoyances are easy to deal with when they're gone most of the time, but now he's home 24/7.
Any nerdy ladies here want to marry a handsome, brilliant, creative, well managed bipolar male in his mid 50's who lives in a minivan? :)
I guess the joke flew over everyone's head.
But if you're only pulling $25/hr cutting out 10 hours a week is a significant dent in total earnings.
Plus you have kids, and workout -- both uses of your time that I'm sure your spouse probably approves of. You're not working 30 hours a week and then playing competitive Yu-gi-oh for another 30, non?
But also the article says it's not about the earnings at all. But then also talks about widening the husband and father role, which is not done by getting more man into full-time, quite the opposite.
Um, this paragraph was jaw-dropping to me. People think it is ok for the state to manipulate the personal lives of citizens like that? People think that incentives/punishments that keep people pushed to stay in unhappy/unhealthy marriages is a good thing?
Even the statistical conclusion seems absurd. People who only stay in marriages because of incentives will not have the same effect as "a sound unit on which to build a society"; I would actually suspect the opposite
Playing devils advocate here.
Yes? Otherwise, the whole body of marriage-related laws would have disappeared long ago.
Or are you surprised that the governments are trying to shape the societies they preside upon? That's kinda their whole deal.
These kind of bullshit statistics presented as news must be stopped.
Yes, I read the full article. And it was full of guesses and theory but not much substance
People (including men) without full time jobs are more likely to have a mental health issue (including addiction and depression).
People (including men) without full time jobs …
And so forth.
But merely that unemployment correlates with other negative things, and it is unclear whether any study about this is adjusting for those confounders.
> "Both men and women without full time jobs are more likely to divorce."
but this is not supported by any evidence that I could find. Indeed, it seems that unemployed (non-employed?) women are actually less likely to divorce, and that divorce rates see a linear, positive correlation with the hours worked by the female partner in male-female marriages.
Of course this is a correlative and not a causative factor, and likely is confounded by e.g. social norms and economic factors, so I don't think it says much. More recent results find that divorce (inversely) correlates more strongly with economic success, which also correlates with single-income households.
In any case, the available data suggests that a more nuanced opinion than "Gender doesn't matter for anything" would provide a better explanation.
N.b., the data I found was either from countries with a historical patriarchal bias (e.g. Iran, Türkiye) or rather old (before 1990) so it's possible/probable that these trends have shifted over time. If so, however, they are not under active research as far as I can tell. This is not my area of expertise so I might have missed some critical keywords in my search.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/2249...
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jomf.12629
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/019251385006003...
i'd imagine they do better tho, since they're more often white collar jobs, full-time jobs, and generally more lucrative than some on-site ones.
hubby hides out in the basement for 7.5 hours Mon-Fri but still brings home six-figures... easy-peasy. And speaking from experience, it means I can be cooking her dinner while on a workbreak a la slowcookers, etc.
I am curious, does the myth that rich men will marry poor women, but rich women will not marry poor men, apply here?
> These days guys who have jobs have a predicted divorce probability in the next year of 2.5%, whereas the same guys who do not have a probability of 3.3%. That’s a third higher.
I feel that's a bit misleading, isn't it? In the grand scheme, it's 1 extra divorce per 100 (25 per 1,000 or 33 per 1000).
How is this relevant? It is relevant because these sex differences influence what each sex contributes in this complementary relation. I mean this in a general sense as the particulars will be affected by circumstance. These differences affect what each sex seeks to provide and what each sex is drawn to. One does not desire what one already has. In this respect, it will not be surprising to find that unemployment or part-time employment will affect men differently than women. Men relate differently to people than women do. Women have a strong tendency to love regardless of merit while men tend to have a strong need to earn respect. A man without a job is, in most cases, going to be synonymous with a man who is aimless and has feelings of worthlessness. (This is why rich kids often become profligate, deranged, and depressed. Aimlessness, indolence, softness, helplessness, and self-absorption. Selfishness is the loneliest of states; only in living selflessly for the good of others in concrete ways and through self-sacrifice, forgetting about ourselves, are we liberated from the prison of selfishness.) This is going to affect his relationships, including his martial relationship. These sorts of men are more likely to wallow in self-pity, scapegoating (therapy is often a great way to obsessively blame one's parents, for everything), and self-destructive and hedonistic pursuits which further damage their ability to relate properly to women as human beings and in healthy ways to people in general. They are also dangerous because these alienated men are more likely to find appeal in ideologies of hatred, violence, and scapegoating.
Incidentally, this is one reason why UBI would be a terrible idea. Jobs are supposed to be ways in which both a family is served and the community is served. That's how we find purpose. For men, taking away their jobs is a way of ensuring their alienation from community, their sense of meaninglessness, and their aimlessness. It would deny them the ability to be who they are: men. There is a reason why so many retirees, especially men, have shorter lifespans than those that continue to work in some capacity.
Curious if you see any benefits to therapy, or does it all boil down to parental blaming?
So let's drop all the social shaming and chest thumping. It benefits few and breeds discontent among the masses who didn't win the genetic lottery.
I am fairly sure giving people money causes them to be more employed, so it's funny when pop economics comes to the opposite conclusion. The mechanism being that money lets you invest in yourself, or spend more time searching for better higher paying jobs. But it doesn't motivate you to quit entirely because then you'd be relatively deprived compared to your more employed cohort.
(When Bernie said "Walmart employees are so low paid they're on welfare", he was making a causal claim that being on welfare means you get paid less, or in other words that welfare is bad. Which is a weird thing for him to say, but you don't have to imitate him.)
Also, two-income families are a sign of high paying jobs, not low paying jobs. True story.
I don't think that's what Bernie meant. Being on welfare in the US isn't really something that is healthy nor sustainable - you don't have money to buy healthy foods, better clothes to improve your station in life, or get good healthcare.
Being on welfare pretty much means you can't go anywhere else, except work in Walmart jobs.
It'd be true for wage subsidies (giving Walmart money), and of course it's also true for programs with welfare cliffs (work requirements or those horrible SSDI asset limits). I don't think the programs he was talking about have that issue though.
Of course the real problem with trying to solve everything with wage increases is that it doesn't help non-workers like children and elderly people.
Correct. Because they're not tied to a job for income, and leaving said job does not endanger their livelihood - they're capable of forcing Walmart to pay them proper wages.
I think we agree.
> Of course the real problem with trying to solve everything with wage increases is that it doesn't help non-workers like children and elderly people.
Why should they be any different? Just provide teenagers with a fraction of what an adult would get, and increase it every year. Elderly people ARE people, right? If not, I have some serious concerns for myself in the next few decades. :)
I am curious as to if you realize that this is what you are doing?
The framing here is flawed, it suggests that being in a state of marriage is a goal. That only holds up in the earlier mentioned "government incentive to have intact families" perspective, but it is devoid of acknowledging the individual motives.
In general women are hard wired to being attracted to healthy, high status intelligent men, with access to resources, and good personal hygiene. Fortunately for men, these are all things guys can do a lot to cultivate and build through concerted effort.
It's really no different to the things most men find attractive in a women. We can tell whether a women is "hot" instantly.
This notion of challenging the expectations of society, or redefining gender roles is largely nonsense. You can't redefine the things men are going to find attractive in women, no more than you can redefine the things women are going to find attractive in men.
It's a little odd that anyone is even surprised by this outcome. That's liberalism- I guess
Generally speaking, Women are attracted to men who are above, or at least across from them in status hierachies. Men who are unfortunate enough to lose status become less attractive to many women, increasing the risk of divorce among women who are unscrupulous.
Liberalism makes a virtue of ignoring things that are obvious (challenging stereotypes, breaking down stigma etc.), by pretending that they don't exist. This leads to surprises when mundane reality reasserts itself.
Plenty of successful but "jobless" entrepreneurs living off passive income.
Maybe you missed this in the article.
You have Group A men with not enough money and financial stess.
And Group B men with "plenty" of money and extra time.
A "Group B" man is the kind of man who is likely to have lots of resources for cheating which is likely to lead to divorce.
So.... 1/3 of men are non-committal in all aspects of their life.
Why are major sociology studies done with such small samples? I understand that if everything is done correctly a relatively small sample can strongly reflect a population. However wither someone has a full time job or not (1099 or W2) is reported to the IRS, and marriage/divorce records are public. Why are government departments not collaborating with academic institutions publish these types of insights?
1. Sampling and self reporting introduces many concerns to the validity of the study. Let's not downplay the negative effect these can have.
2. It's expensive to collect consent and data.
3. Federal grants often fund these studies. Tax payers are essentially paying to collect the same data twice.
I'd be interested to see a kaplan-meyer curve for the two groups.
This would probably fall under the BLS[1] or BEA[2], which are bureaus of the DOL and DOC, respectively. Another potential fit would be the IRS's SOI[3] division.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis
[3]: https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-statistics-of-i...