What does a receipt prove? That you have a document for one withdrawal, and most people could be forgiven for assuming a withdrawal is a single transaction.
The ATM operator could see if subsequent transactions took place, but Chase probably cant, unless it forcibly introduces a time limit of 5 to 10 mins on each withdrawal from the same machine. In part this is a data sharing contract with ATM operators.
This is where mobile phones in particular SS7 can be used to place your mobile phone and apple watch next to the ATM in order to prevent fraud, but then also highlights who is data sharing with who, especially if your phone doesnt log the cell tower traffic management pinball wizard in order to triangulate the phone's location.