In Japan, it's the same as American fast food (even at sit-down restaurants): you have to go to the register to pay, usually next to the door. In Europe, however, my experience has been that most restaurants have a portable payment terminal they bring to the table for you.
At fast food restaurants, you just pay at the terminal you ordered your food at. At places that don't have that, like Dick's, you just pay at the terminal they have at the register.
The non-chain places usually have Stripe or Square, they all support tap or chip.
I can't remember the last time I gave my card to someone.
Here in Europe you can get by without tipping quite easily, but I don't think they would allow you to bring your own drinks and honestly it also doesn't make sense. Why can't I drink my own drink, am I not paying enough for the meal itself that you need to rob me on drinks? Might as well not going to your place at all and eat at home, if you have problem with my own drinks.
However, unlike Europe, water is free and even though it's tap water, it's really good (Tokyo has excellent municipal water quality). European restaurants are terrible that way; they want to sell you ridiculously expensive bottled water that costs more than alcohol.
You can "get by without" tipping in Europe, but in some places (like Budapest) they try to guilt tourists into tipping the same way it's done in America with a place on the credit card slip while the server is watching, because they know American tourists are used to tipping a lot. Other places have a place to add a tip too. Japan is different: there is absolutely no tipping, whatsoever. It's not even allowed; they will return your money to you.
Please lower that number to zero if you refuse to tip.
They give me a total price, I pay it without issue, and that's how it goes.
As far as I understand society expects that people working hourly make a minimum wage. If they're not paid minimum wage, then it's illegal and their employer is liable for damages and punishment. What's immoral is a situation where an employer is not paying an employee the wages our laws require. There's no "social minimum wage" for tip workers. There's a market for their services. If somebody wants to do more valuable labor in some other capacity nobody is stopping them just as nobody is forcing them to work for tips.
Driving on the shoulder is justifiable in certain scenarios, like if you need to get to a hospital. It's not absolutely immoral.
But somehow it's moral not to tip a Walmart worker simply because of American norms?