The screen time feature is actually listed in the linked article, at the bottom of this one:
https://www.wsj.com/articles/stolen-iphone-passcode-security...
> • Enable additional protection. Some apps, such as Venmo, PayPal and Cash App, let you add a passcode. Just don’t use the same one as your iPhone.
> You can also set up a Screen Time passcode for yourself, then enable account restrictions to prevent an Apple ID password change, the way parents do with their kids’ devices. In Settings, go to Screen Time > Content & Privacy Restrictions, then toggle Content & Privacy Restrictions on. If you haven’t already set up Screen Time, you’ll need to choose a passcode. (Again, make it different from your iPhone’s.)
> Scroll down to the Allow Changes section, and where it says Account Changes, select Don’t Allow. Whenever you need to access your iCloud account settings, you’ll have to go to Screen Time and re-enable this.