Look for Prof. Andre Beteille work. His father was French and mother a Bengali Brahmin (French had a few colonies in India). M N Srinivas has done a lot of empirical work on caste. Every student of anthropology study caste .

There is a quite a lot of data on both Indian villages and caste system but caste is the offices is not well studied, IMO.

By the way, caste takes a lot of shapes. There have also been attempt to study racial divide in US South from caste perspective (a social category rather than a biological one).

PS: I am a high caste Indian living in India who has more than interests in caste system.

PPS: Mention of caste triggers most Indians, even those who are not living abroad. My wife (south Indian Brahmins) feels somewhat annoyed with my interest in caste. I won't ask my fellow Indians about caste, ever!! It triggers them more than saying bad thing about Modi.