This was a rather sore point back in the days of Windows NT 3.1 and NT 4.0, when a lot of software was still written for DOS and simply couldn't execute on NT.
All 32-bit versions of Windows NT up through Windows 10 have NTVDM (NT Virtual DOS Machine), which as the name suggests is a virtual machine which virtualized DOS.[2]
However, this "compatibility" afforded by NTVDM still failed in most practical situations because most DOS programs were written with the assumption of direct hardware access being available. NTVDM's purpose was instead to facilitate running 16-bit software originally written for the likes of Windows 3.1 and early days of Windows 9x.
All 64-bit versions of Windows NT do not incorporate NTVDM due to hardware limitations and consequently cannot execute any 16-bit programs, including software for DOS.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine#Windows_NT...