Telco companies allow people to set up numbers which cost money to send an SMS to.
Then those people set up bot farms to register for Twitter repeatedly, triggering a verification text, which Twitter then has to pay.
The telcos aren't committing the fraud directly, but they are profiting from it.
My private number can't send texts to premium numbers, that an automated 2FA system could is so ridiculous I would never even try it. I guess that's why they're better fraudsters than I can ever be, they expect this level of stupidity while I'm surprised.
Twilio (the main SaaS company that does this) doesn't have a good solution here
https://www.twilio.com/blog/2015/08/introducing-max-price.ht...
That's cleary being an accomplice.
That's like a business that sells a service of smashing windows of any car that drives by your home.