What "promote the progress of science and useful arts" is such fuzzy language, deferring to the legislature's idea of what promotes that progress is as reasonable a decision as imposing the Court's own view.
Of course adding a given public domain work back into copyright doesn't promote the creation of any specific work, but harmonizing American copyright law with European laws, generally, might arguably promote creation of works.
The key phrase in the clause is that:
[The Congress shall have Power]* to... [secure] for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
*) Article I, Section 8.
Like the other enumerated powers, the language of the Constitution gives Congress a lot of leeway in exercising that specific power.