ASK HN: Hacker Bibles
Below are my favorites (in no particular order), what other "greats" am I missing?
The Art of Computer Programming (three volumes + fascicles) - Knuth (aka TAOCP)
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs - Abelson and Sussman (aka SICP, aka The Wizard Book)
Introduction to Algorithms - Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein (aka CLRS)
Design Patterns - Gamma, Helm, Johnson, Vlissides
The C Programming Language - Kernighan, Ritchie
The C++ Programming Language - Stroustrup
The Scheme Programming Language - Dybvig
Practical Common LISP - Seibel
Programming Perl - Wall, Christiansen and Orwant
ANSI Common Lisp - Graham
Refactoring - Fowler
UML Distilled - Fowler
Introduction to the Theory of Computation - Sisper
Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms - MacKay
Modern Operating Systems - Tanenbaum
On Lisp - Graham
Hackers & Painters - Graham
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence - Norvig
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning - Bishop
The Java Language Specification - Gosling, Joy, Steele
Learning Python - Lutz & Ascher
Programming Erlang - Armstrong
Programming Ruby - Thomas, Fowler, Hunt
Calculus - Spivak
How to Solve It - Polya
The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 FreeBSD Operating System - McKusick, Bostic, Karels, Quarterman
The Design of the Unix Operating System - Bach
The Unix Programming Environment - Kernighan, Pike
The Art of Unix Programming - Raymond
Godel, Escher, Bach - Hofstadter
Metamagical Themas - Hofstadter
Joel on Software - Spolsky
Code Complete - McConneli
The Mythical Man-Month - Brooks
No Silver Bullet - Brooks
The Long Tail - Anderson
The Art of the Start - Kawasaki