Looking at the screenshots, to me the fonts with the stronger and more defined lines seem slightly better than others:

  - Go Mono
  - JetBrains Mono
  - MesloLGS NF

In comparison, there are some that are clearly harder to read:

  - Iosevka Term
  - Inconsolata Light

I actually commented on the fonts that I use (Liberation Mono for readability and PT Mono for stylistic preferences) a while ago, with my own example images, but I'll also agree with the statement that most modern fonts look a bit samey: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34588312

However, I can't help but to wonder how exactly one would measure how light or heavy a font is, when compared against other fonts. Maybe some measurement of how much contrast there is to the edges of the strokes (e.g. the font doesn't appear blurry and is readable, given a certain quality of eyesight, at a particular size and distance), or just how much of the image is made up by dark tones, or how clear the strokes are?

Comparing the histograms seems borderline useless, for example, even between Go Mono and Inconsolata Light the differences are very slight: https://imgur.com/a/BWbzJzj