In business you have to make some tough decisions, and nice as being in a startup that you believe in is, your frustration and most of your anger is because you are angry at yourself for either not knowing what to do, or being scared about losing everything, or scared about facing up to someone taking advantage of you.
Here's what I would do in your shoes. The aim is to get his attention as you don't appear to have it when you talk directly to him.
Stop including him in your work, stop including him in important communications with your investors. Ignore his phone calls when you are either too busy to answer them or just not in the mood. If you don't like doing that, answer the phone and say "can I call you back later I'm just in the middle of something". don't call back. Same with emails and facetime et al.
If he does not start to even get slightly concerned about that, you know he's not playing ball... next step protect your position because he's already shafting you:
Start to conduct your work as if you were working alone, and start to set up structures to jump ship to a new set-up without him. Even if you don't use this nuclear option, you'll start to feel much better knowing that you are one step ahead and have it in place.
At no point must you ever mention that you are doing this to anyone at all, not even your investors. If you move you are going to be abandoning the joint project, but the work you put in does not have to disappear. Make sure you can pick-up where you left off (dropbox everything important) and if it comes to it, you can offer your investors the same equity for nothing in the new venture.
Once you realise that most business is a game of chess, and that it can be dog-eat-dog when big money is at stake, then you should not feel bad about these actions.
The problem is that if you let it get personal (which clearly is starting to happen) you already lose. Just make sure you always do what is best for the project and for you, and at least then you can hold your head up, even when it feels wrong. Sometimes you have to be a little bit ruthless to keep your sanity.
One last point, I'm not paranoid about working with people, but I have had a couple of bad experiences that have taught me not to put up with bad behaviour.