On the chip or the modules, this is pins GPIO18 and GPIO19 that just need to be directly connected to USB D- and D+. Of course the chip still needs between 3.0V and 3.6V for power, so you can't power it from USB directly. If the firmware is just rebooting all the time (sometimes the case on a fresh module), you may need to pull GPIO9 low to enter bootloader instead (https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esptool/en/latest/esp32c..., there is a button for this on some boards), but otherwise you can just flash it in normal mode too.
Edit: Never mind, it does appear to allow full in circuit debugging. I’ll have to do some more research.
There is more info here https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.0/esp32c3/..., the ESP-IDF VS Code extension should have this doable with one button click.