MDMA and psilocybin are approved as medicines in Australia
wired.com
wired.com
When they say "for medical usage", they mean it.
This is not just a nice acceptable easing in of liberal recreational drugs policy.
Don't expect to be buying party drugs from the chemist before going out on saturday night. Despite the fact that this is precisely what should be happening - nice, safe, clean party drugs instead of god knows what probably methamphetamine/ice.
Australia IMHO has never broken out of the colonial mindset, where the government knows what is best for you. Beyond drugs, that includes pervasive censorship of movies, books, video games, Internet etc. The lack of First and Fourth amendment style protections means that ultimately the government has the final call on these topics, and for whatever reason, neither of the two primary political parties seem inclined to change the status quo.
The hypocrisy of it is quite transparent. Last I checked, possession of cannabis and X rated pornography is illegal in all states and territories of Australia, except for the Australian Capital Territory which is the equivalent of DC. Which of course is where most of the politicians are.
Not to mention the pervasiveness of cocaine throughout the community, from tradies to barristers, doctors etc. The hypocritical nanny state mentality that keeps these politicians acting this way is driven by our community and it is sickening.
Whether magistrates would look at the levels of THC in your blood and be sympathetic to an argument that you had consumed a long time ago (and thus were no longer under the influence) is another question. I tend to think magistrates would side with the law as written in most cases, if the law explicitly prohibits driving with any amount of THC detectable in blood tests.
Rightly so. I mean maybe it’s too strict (i.e. you’re totally sober but still will be penalized for having anything show up in your blood) but in general driving under THC influence is as bad as driving on alcohol, you could get yourself and others killed.
It's really not. There have been tests done by a government transport regulatory agency (in an EU country), comparing THC, alcohol and sober driving.
While alcohol promotes reckless driving (i know what i'm doing, i've got it, even if i don't), driving under THC is different, people are much more careful, even compared with the sober state. Slower driving, less incidents.
Alcohol makes you kill yourself and others, takes only few hours to get out of your system. THC makes you drive slower and more careful, can be found in blood days or weeks later (with no effect on cognition or faculties).
You're right that driving under any influence is (probably) not safe. But this seems like the same kind of stupid like testing your hair for drinking alcohol few months back.
It was very revealing from overseas looking in during Covid, where there was (proverbial) dancing on the graves of expats locked out of the country for 2+ years. Should have come home when the big boss in Canberra said to, mate!
(Except, actually, I'm kind of happy with Penny Wong as foreign minister)
https://www.itnews.com.au/news/border-force-searched-more-th...
I’m not sure where you are from, but Australia doesn’t share the blind scepticism of government you see in many other countries.
Lots of Australians are politically engaged and generally our politicians are quite accessible. It’s not uncommon to see your federal or state member in the community shopping or eating or just generally living their lives.
Our governments are not perfect, in fact some times they do truly reprehensible things, but it still feels like things can change and get better here
Then after complaint they completely changed to make it an over the counter drug. Although as far as I know it's still not available at any chemist I know of. But you can still buy it as Leather cleaner from few sex shops. (Less than it used to)
Lol. Australia is less conservative than the US. We are much less religious, sex work is legal, and the drinking age is lower. Marijuana is widely available and accepted, and its legal status is irrelevant most of the time.
Progress but unfortunately no chance the TGA will make this genuinely accessible.
Keep in mind, the TGA ensure you need a prescription to buy nicotine vaping products.
I am generally very pro-psychadelic - they seem like they can offer unique aid to people and they are not very prone to abuse. The only "downside" is that, because outcomes vary widely (though are generally not negative, simply unhelpful), it's hard to call them "medicine" in the way that, say, asprin is medicine. However, with the proper understanding, I'm hopeful they can be a really helpful tool for some people.
Is that so different from any other psychiatric medicine?
if you are taking a psychedelic as part of some therapy regime it is not a tripping balls level dose
There is an anecdotic evidence that bad trips on first intake are more frequent with lower doses of psychedelics than higher.
So it's very possible that those therapeutic sessions will be mind-shattering experiences and not like going to discotheque with friends.
For example for psychedelic therapy with psilocybin, you would see a therapist a few times with no psilocybin, then you would have a session where you take something like the equivalent of 1 gram of dried mushrooms, and go through that session with the therapist. Then come back 1-2 weeks later and take something like a "heroic" dose or about 5 grams dried mushroom equivalent and go through that session with the therapist. Then you come back again two weeks later and have a sober session again to talk about all of it.
My understanding is that this is generally how the well respected research studies have gone. The most I have ever done myself is 2 grams dried mushroom equivalent, and I usually stay under 1.
How long do these sessions last? What are the logistics? I’m very curious.
In all, the whole trip usually lasts a solid 4 hours. You’re going to be ready to pass out at the end
This is completely dependent on the strain[1] and potency of that batch. It also will depend on the person. To make any definitive statements on what people will experience on x grams is not an informed opinion.
[1] https://leafly-cms-production.imgix.net/wp-content/uploads/2...
Update: p. Cubensis is what I’m most familiar with
It is absolutely terrible advice. The advice should be "less is more" not this McKenna "heroic dose" bullshit like some kind of dosage sport.
The research backed advice is that set and setting are what really influences the experience.
The dose varies by person, tolerance, genetics of the fungi, and how deep one wants to go in the experience.
Taking 5 grams is not something to do in a whim, for pride or ego, or to keep up with anyone else. Better to ease into a bigger dose over time and not rush the experience.
I have no experience with these dosage levels but what I have heard is that some people don’t experience the full ego death at 3.5 grams but most people do at 5 grams, and I have also heard that there isn’t much additional effect from higher doses. So the thinking is to make sure to get everyone over that edge.
However there are other forms of treatment and I’m only talking about what I learned a few years ago, I’ve not studied the latest work and I am not a medical professional at all.
I did a quick google search to find more info for you and it seems there’s a lot of new work being done. I didn’t find any convenient link with the answer to your question though.
I went to the church of engineering and saw the manifest glory of all levels of abstraction that I understand and leverage to build _all_ at ONCE. I saw what I have been building in a new light ( https://www.adama-platform.com/ ). The absolute beauty of mathematics made me cry.
Ever since this event, I have been... ultra level. I'm just at peace. It's a wonderful experience. The whole "holy shit, I'm dying part..." was kind of rough.
Where are you getting this info? All the good data I've seen is definitely not 5 grams dried. 20-25mg seems to be the sweet spot[1][2][3][4] which is around 2 grams[5].
[1] https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206443
[2] https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5...
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9751063/
[4] https://newatlas.com/johns-hopkins-psilocybin-study-finds-op...
[5] https://www.leafly.com/learn/psychedelics/how-to-dose-mushro...
Psilocybin has that risk, but it’s lower because the molecule binds to your receptors much less tightly.
With psych drugs, the most common experience is that user takes them for a few weeks, and reports or doesn’t report some subtle change in their psyche. A bad experience is mostly limited to “didn’t work”. If the drug “doesn’t work” they stop using it and try something else.
With psychedelic drugs, the effect is 100% going to be felt within less than an hour, the effect will be very strong and is guaranteed to be one of the most memorable experiences of the user’s life. A bad experience could easily consist of being rapidly confronted with some deep truths about the user’s self and ego. There is a reason psychedelics have been linked to schizophrenia: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abst...
comparison has to take this into account, so they are not different, the dose is the real difference.
-Emily
FWIW, a large amount of the psychiatric establishment believes DID to not be real, per se. Instead they think it can be caused by an especially suggestible patient responding to a therapist or other psychiatric professional's coaching. Essentially playing a role in the therapy (for genuine underlying problems!) that they believe they are expected to play.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6296396/#!po=1....
https://www.mcleanhospital.org/essential/did#:~:text=Myth%3A....
“Random samples of the general population in Canada and Turkey (female sample, 50% of whom were illiterate) found a life-time prevalence of DD of 12.2% and 18.3% respectively. A general population study in New York State found a 1-year prevalence of 9.1% for the DD.2,32,39 In Canada and New York, prevalence of DID was 1.3% and 1.5% of the population. In Turkey, the lifetime prevalence of DID was 1.1%”
The claim is indeed just a claim at the moment, sadly, because we're not professionally diagnosed, though we are working towards a diagnosis. (Right now we're waiting for a call back from what is presumably the world's most overbooked mental health center. Only possible explanation for them taking this long.)
> FWIW, a large amount of the psychiatric establishment believes DID to not be real, per se. Instead they think it can be caused by an especially suggestible patient responding to a therapist or other psychiatric professional's coaching. Essentially playing a role in the therapy (for genuine underlying problems!) that they believe they are expected to play.
Believing DID isn't "real" (as in, is not caused by actual brain structure changes) is different than believing that it can be achieved through other means.
There are two main definitions of "DID", and it's important not to get them mixed up in cases like these: "DID the canonical disorder" (which we may or may not have), a direct consequence of certain types of structural dissociation[0], and "DID the set of symptoms" (which we definitely do have) as established in the DSM-5[1], which can apply regardless of root cause.
Some believe that "DID the canonical disorder" does not exist, and that it is akin to subconscious pretending (as you describe). Some believe that "DID the set of symptoms" can be achieved through different means than through structural dissociation in childhood. These beliefs are largely independent, although it would be weird to believe the first but not the second.
(I should add that believing you can willingly create certain specific symptoms of DID (such as plurality) is different from believing that you can create DID itself willingly. The development of DID itself must necessarily be non-willing due to its diagnosis as a disorder, but certain symptoms (such as plurality) can be developed through practice[2] without having any dissociative disorder.)
---
A lot of GPs don't even know DID exists. I once brought it up to our doctor and he had no idea what I was talking about. (I later found out that he had slipped "dissociative disorder" into our medical record. Sneaky~)
The "realness" of "DID the canonical disorder" is incredibly debatable. There is the theory of structural dissociation[0] but that only explains how it forms in the first place and not how it develops or functions over time.
Before learning of "plural" terminology[3] in the first place, for around 4 years, we simply knew ourselves as "multi-personality". We didn't appropriate anything because we had no access to that information.
But I do know for a fact that, since finding out about "plurality" and becoming much more public about it (including socializing in "plural" spaces), we have subconsciously appropriated many mechanisms as they were described to us, mainly when they were a better method of serving some function that we had to perform anyway, but also sometimes for other reasons. We've never been in therapy or even professionally diagnosed, so the development of plurality itself couldn't have been informed by medical professionals.
It was developed and strengthened through roleplay, though, as far as we know. The exact details of this are probably too anecdotal to recount in full detail, but in summary: we were allowed to express individually on a website with individual character profiles, and this is likely how we developed into our own people, or at least what prompted us to develop in this way. We didn't happen completely spontaneously, but we also didn't happen because we were shown or guided to act this way. Our brain had some sort of propensity to plurality already, before we ever knew anything about it.
[0]: https://did-research.org/origin/structural_dissociation/
[1]: No definitive source here, but try googling: DSM-5 filetype:pdf
[2]: https://tulpa.io/what-is-a-tulpa
-Emily
It's also useful for us to keep track of who wrote each one of our comments, personally, so if Logan sees something he doesn't remember for example, he'll know who's responsible.
-Emily
-Paul (Stamets)
MDMA is very prone to abuse.
Not saying it doesn't have therapeutic uses, but it is certainly a drug that needs huge respect and caution.
I know from personal experience and that of many people around me that doing molly every weekend quickly becomes a dependency and will mess you up very quickly.
In a therapy setting I'm sure risks are low, but I wouldn't make such black and white comparisons against alcohol or say, cocaine.
The reality of addiction is more than a function of frequency or tolerance and often comparing drugs directly is misleading.
(I would provide a close cite but I only recall from his book "drugs without the hot air" & am on mobile)
Abuse doesn’t require daily or even regular use.
"The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts."
"Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance related disorder. "
The first definition will vary based on your local laws, which as we have seen, are also subject to change. So if that's the meaning of the term 'drug abuse' it's not particularly useful to discuss since it's a technicality.
The common factor between the two definitions (excessive, harmful consumption) might be more useful to discuss. Which was why I chose to talk about that (rate of consumption, risk of addiction) specifically.
So while we are getting medical access to psychedelics we can't actually use them if we also need to drive a car.
The few studies done on using those two drugs in psychiatric settings show phenomenally positive results. I don’t know where you’re getting your information from but it’s not by reading the scientific studies.
A sargeant from the police department eventually called me back from his cellphone to tell me they caught up with the driver and reversed her.
It was traumatic and all things being equal I’m with you - alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, etc do a lot of damage.
He arrived to pick me up. She was in the front passenger seat and maybe a little out of it but that’s not exactly unusual…
A few minutes later, she was completely slumped over and taking gasping breaths. When I asked the driver if she was ok he said “She’s homeless and needs to get in to recovery but I’m taking care of her”. I can only assume (given the fairly rapid onset) he/she/them consumed drugs shortly before picking me up.
Needless to say, he wasn’t. After calling 911 I messaged the Lyft support team and provided pictures, etc of what (unfortunately) looks like a dead person. They followed the script and may or may not have done anything.
Meanwhile, the authorities took it very seriously (as I described) and likely saved her life.
I think what would it actually happen is more and more unprepared members of the general public would have really bad trips.
It worked for me. I had a period in my life of sliding slowly to alcoholism.
https://www.psypost.org/2016/08/study-bad-trips-from-magic-m...
Can't say I ever experienced that after a hangover.
I mean we are in a crisis of opiates with fentanyl.
It would be a massive net good.
From “smoke the devil’s lettuce and put your baby in the microwave” to “it’s natural, there are no negatives whatsoever” is very troubling. There is no free lunch and there absolutely are negative effects with all of these substances. Of course alcohol is the reigning champ for damage to society but marijuana, etc is creeping in with much less dramatic fashion.
If you take a few shots at 9 AM everyday few people will debate whether you have an alcohol misuse disorder and how problematic it is. Alcohol does it’s job - pumps your reward system and alters your perception of reality.
More and more, if you wake up at 9 AM and take a gummy, hit an incredibly high THC vape, etc it’s called medicine. While it won’t kill you and destroy your life as efficiently and ruthlessly as alcohol will I think there are fundamental issues and lasting effects from hacking dopamine rewards and using psychoactive substances to alter your reality.
The biggest difference here is how directly toxic alcohol is to the body (liver, brain, heart). Marijuana and others are substantially better from a “your body will physically give out from this” standpoint but that’s a low bar.
At one point in my life I was prescribed what I later learned to understand was an incredibly high dose of Klonopin. Drugs that bang on dopamine, GABA, etc are a sledge hammer for “life is suffering” the Buddha talked about. By the way, I‘ve met a lot of people with poly drug addiction issues and they respond to my klonopin experience with shock and amazement. FWIW it’s worth I fairly quickly realized the impact this sledge hammer hack was having on my life and quit it cold turkey. Now I know I could have died from it but I’m happy to be back to reality and process the struggle that is life with a scalpel instead of a sledge hammer.
It's highly individual so can't be recommended but for me switching to:
- first to flupirtine which is legal in my country. It has "liver toxicity" but .. ha! comparing to alcohol it's less toxic
- and then to some ..khm.. illegal drugs
worked.
Prohibition does not stop usage. It just makes the drugs cut with more harmful substances. I wish people would understand that
And a yearly shroom tea with friends while camping. Nature and trees are the most beautiful thing I've ever experienced while on mushrooms. It really makes you feel you're part of the ecosystem, and anything artificial sours the experience.
Honestly, legal or not, that is my plan. It is sad that I would have to give money to shady people rather than buying it in a store.
It's been a decade since my last hallucinogen, and I long for that place outside of myself, outside of the bounds of my senses where you can gaze to the whole of reality, in its entire magnificence.
In 2020, Oregon decriminalized (traffic ticket) for simple use and possession of :
- psilocybin <12 g
- MDMA <1 g or 5 pills
- LSD <40 units
Mescaline and LSD are worth considering for TRD and PTSD.
In Texas, delta 9, delta 8, and CBD are all de facto legalize if they originate from hemp. This is inconsistent because weed is still illegal and heavily criminalized (Texas is hyper-over-criminalized). It's like porn vs. prostitution: add a camera, and now it's magically legal in most of California and New Hampshire.
What a puzzling set of priorities for a nation to just casually accept.
The classifications board refused classification for the console ports of the game. The reasoning is as follows:
> The computer game is classified RC in accordance with the National Classification Code, Computer Games Table, 1. (a) as computer games that "depict, express or otherwise deal with matters of sex, drug misuse or addiction, crime, cruelty, violence or revolting or abhorrent phenomena in such a way that they offend against the standards of morality, decency and propriety generally accepted by reasonable adults to the extent that they should not be classified."
Drug use is common in video games in Australia, although most games would be classified R18+.
The RC was appealed successfully, and the game was classified as R18+.
Now, with experience, I would only ever use it with purpose. Dating someone seriously? Have a night on MDMA and you will experience love beyond comprehension.
Maybe one way to view which correctly re-emphasises the "natural"/positive nature of the experience is to view entheogens/empathogens as a "performance enhancement" (or in gamer parlance, a cheat code) that gives you access to states of consciousness that you could indeed achieve sans external chemical assistance (ECA) with sufficient, work, practice, discipline, focus (interested? Energy work: breath, yoga, meditation, energy, diet). Then a question becomes: are you someone who likes to play with cheats on or not? But a more important question: you, who never even knew you could feel this incredible way, combined with the aid of this external chemical assistance which permitted you to discover that, now, having a taste for how expansive/loving/[appropriate-adjective] your life/experience can be, commit yourself to play this game of life without cheat codes and develop your capacity more in order to create, sans ECA, these experiences.
In BNW aren't things "force administered" to create a desirably compliant/utilitarian population? Indeed, nightmarish. But if you take it of your own choice, it's different.
These chemicals are probably powerful tools. Of course, people can choose to abuse those things and harm themselves and others, or just be generally grumpy about everything no matter what anyone says (which itself is a matter of perspective, something with which ECE can aid). So people can also choose to make the best use for themselves of those tools.
It doesn't mean you have to try, or even be open to. But before you talk on something you don't know and attempt to pass premature judgement incorrectly upon that, be open to realizing that there's a "step change"/watershed between what you know right now, and what you know once you had a good experience on them. In a similar way that you can't really know what it's like to have kids until you have them. It opens up your world. And what you do with that, just like kids--whether you fuck it up or not, or use it for good or not--is up to you.
You can really split people in two here, those who actively avoid gaining experience with new states of mind and those that love collecting them.
Raves are very friendly places and the chillout/smoking zones are full of interesting people.
> Although initially it proved difficult to find any cognitive sequelae that correlated with these changes,11 recent animal studies have shown subtle, but lasting, deficits in cognitive behaviorsthat do correlate with the levels of damage to 5-HT systems in the hippocampus.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2015.0044...
> In this study, we found an MDMA-related decline in memory performance on a visual paired association test in the first follow-up period in heavy MDMA users,
Living the healthiest lifestyle possible would definitely have a great impact, but that has an impact on anyone who doesn't already live it: Food, nutrition, working out, cardio, meditation, sleep, avoiding negative emotions.
Haven't tried yet...
Don't recommend doing this if you think you'll later break up.
Meaning, statistically, you simply shouldn't.
Proposing to my fiancee, attending my brother's wedding, holding my nephew for the first time, winning my first boxing match, winning life-altering over-leveraged bets on the stock market; these are all experiences that not even the greatest of great trips can hold a candle to, and none of them came with comedowns. I've come to realise that drugs are the fast-food of experiences. You get that great sugar salt and fat rush but it's not really healthy and doesn't taste as great food prepared with love sweat and thought (IMO).
PS if you really love drugs, for me the best of the best is your own adrenaline (again YMMV)
That's not what they are saying, though. They said that they've had the happiest moments in their life on it. It might not be the best moment of your life, but you'll be freaking happy about it. There is no real comparison between a chemically-induced happiness and the enriching happiness of big life moments, and the chemically induced happy is definitely its own happy. It makes those big life moments even happier in retrospect, more so in the moment with some lasting long-term effect.
I am surprised a country hasn't already embraced a type of psychedelic and MDMA drug tourism.
Fentanyl ultimately changes any moral argument for keeping these drugs illegal.
It is really completely immoral at this point to be nudging people towards fentanyl overdosing.
Clown world.
https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/national/paracetamol-pac...
There have been a number of studies conducted about the health impact of MDMA. In monkeys, it has been shown to leave behind long-term brain damage, serotonin receptor damage for at least 7 years, etc.
Personally, back at University I had some acquaintances who got quite addicted to them and appeared to suffer the mental side-effects. It was really rough.
They are not safe. What they are:
* A potent drug
* Gives you a pretty sweet high (at a big enough dosage)
* Addictive (the addictive qualities of amphetamines has been known for decades)
Oxycontin, anyone?
Truly, I hope that these drugs are studied and science finds out which of these generally "taboo" drugs have great medicinal utility for certain ailments.
However calling these "super safe" is just like calling Oxycontin "super safe". It's a really bad take IMHO.
Medics pretty much agree everywhere that MDMA is less addictive than alcohol which is in turn much less addictive than Oxycontin. I don't even know why you dragged that into the conversation. Oxycontin was never prescribed as much in Europe because every medic there already knew it had a huge addiction hazard.
You also do not have any sources to back up your claims. But feel free to clean up this Wikipedia entry if you feel it's wildly inaccurate: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA
Comedown rage?
But dragging in misinformation to somehow associate MDMA with the ongoing opioid crisis in the US is completely messed up and pretty much how we ended up in this situation in the first place.
> Long-term exposure to MDMA in humans has been shown to produce marked neurodegeneration in striatal, hippocampal, prefrontal, and occipital serotonergic axon terminals.[64][67] Neurotoxic damage to serotonergic axon terminals has been shown to persist for more than two years
> Impairments in multiple aspects of cognition, including attention, learning, memory, visual processing, and sleep have been found in regular MDMA users
> Serotonin depletion following MDMA use can cause depression in subsequent days. In some cases, depressive symptoms persist for longer periods.[7] Some studies indicate repeated recreational use of ecstasy is associated with depression and anxiety, even after quitting the drug.
There is more but anybody can just visit the link. LSD seems like a much safer option.
I also couldn't find much studies on MDMA itself, as most such studies refer to some sort of pills, which are usually mixed with other drugs (e.g. Speed).
They have many similarities.
> and extended use can also lead to addiction, memory problems, paranoia and difficulty sleeping
Etc.
Being honest, if I found out a person has a long, serious history of depression, I would probably think they are less reliable. That is probably prejudiced. But I think that's a common attitude. If it were a position where lives or a lot of property were on the line, maybe I would think twice in hiring?
[1] https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/aviation-canada-pilots-ment...
Being honest, I hope you never come close to managing a sizeable team.
Self-admitted prejudices likes yours should never be remotely close to an authority and/or mentorship role.
It's also how people with mental health issues judge others with mental health issues: over how productive they are. For example, you have probably heard a lot about a functional, high-achieving person with ADHD person (because they are better at self-marketing, and because others easily see their value), but probably next to nothing about the low-functioning ADHD person who may never be able to hold down a job and has a patchy career. When a high-functioning "disabled person" is campaigning for greater workplace inclusivity, for instance, they're usually campaigning for other high-functioning people, not the low-functioning ones.
Functional people find low-functioning people less reliable. :( Partially because it is true, partially because it is a self-fulfilling prophecy, and partially because our society worships functionality (because it's what wins resources, at the end of the day).
[1] Whatever that means.
We all hold biases which are not arrived at through reason. It’s possible to notice one in ourselves without agreeing that it’s right.
We all have prejudices. For example, I know I am biased against speakers of some regional accents of English. (All speakers of English are biased for or against various accents, if the studies are to be believed.) If someone produces a southern American drawl, I assume things about them. Those assumptions are not fair. But they're also automatic. The only way I know to correct such errors in thinking are to consciously reflect on it like that. How am I potentially prejudiced against or for this person? Are those prejudices even remotely reasonable? If not, am I potentially treating someone unjustly based on stereotypes and assumptions?
And don't worry. I understand myself well enough to know I'd be terrible in a management role.
Sorry for the snark in advance. Would you prefer leadership being oblovious to their own biases?
IMHO the recent clinical trial results of psilocybin for depression were disappointing [1]. A single dose didn’t seem to have a lasting effect.