There may be a misalignment in intent of the claim and interpretation of the claim. As someone that researches generative modeling I actually think there is an important aspect to this question, but I do not think that this question has anything to do with how the brain or the machine learn art. It has to do with legality and morals.
So I'll break it down. We believe that it is morally and legally acceptable for a human to look at copyrighted artwork and even mimic it in the process of learning how to become a better artist (sales are where the morality breaks down and especially with impersonation). The question is "where is the nuanced difference between a machine using that data and a human using that data to learn?" This doesn't depend on the learning techniques just like how no one cares if one person learns differently than another person. Obviously no one thinks AI art should impersonate real artists nor do they think people should sell this work if it contains copyrighted material. That's in line with the human artist values (fine to draw Mickey Mouse, not fine to sell a drawing of Mickey Mouse and worse to sell that drawing and claim it is official Disney art).
This is a very important question because we need to create laws about how we can train these systems and how we handle the data that they produce (two very different things!). The line between human and machine is a lot thinner than people think (think digital painting and CGI), and it doesn't matter that stochastic algorithms learn differently than humans learn. The question is about how/if learning material can be used and if machines should be treated differently. And if so, why.
But this is way more than one sentence.