In a few months time "You wont believe this ONE thing that has SAVED Outdoor Dining!!!"
Spoiler: Summer.
Spoiler: Summer.
Otherwise you have humidity, rain, bugs, etc for your meal, and you will be perspiring quite a bit.
On monsoon days, or during periods of peak heat/cold? Yes, the outdoor table attendance is down, but rarely zero.
As others have stated though, outdoor dining in other cities is typically nothing at all like what the Atlantic is discussing in NYC. NYC wasn't built for outdoor dining, but it has nothing to do with being car-centric, or too hot/humid.
Highly subjective. I often find it more pleasant to sit outside for most of what I consider the warm part of the year, which includes summer. I eat lunch outside almost every day and love it.