It's the chicken and egg problem... If you started a new card provider today, you'd need to get consumers onboard, banks onboard, merchants onboard, and every card machine in the world replaced to accept your new card type.

The closest we get to that is loyalty cards and gift cards that only work in one shop. Some of those have managed to be compatible with a few shops, but nowhere near what would be needed for a consumer to consider it a replacement for visa.