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How do you think WASM will solve this where everything else has failed?

Because WASM supports capability based security and thus never trusts code to do the right thing. Unlike every single one of it's predecessors.

Java? .NET?

WASM does not support capability based security that is something of an extension to the WASI proposal.

And even then the security stuff is based on previously existing work in the cloud space. Which has existed for some time but is not widespread.