That said, there can be just as much (or more) "computational photography" going on with a digital camera as there is with a modern phone, the difference is that cameras and processing software give control to the user, and phones typically do not.
Computational photography techniques on smartphones, on the other hand, were always designed around squishy "user perception" goals to make photos look impressive, details be damned.
I could import the X-T5 photo into lightroom or whatever and crank NR all the way up, and I don't think it would look anything like the iPhone image. Also, the less-processed image on the iPhone (which you see for a split second) looked fine, so there wasn't enough noise to justify this level of "correction".
My guess is the iPhone got confused by the texture of the anodized aluminum.
One can find pathological cases for traditional cameras too - moire is a common problem, Fuji X-Trans sensors historically had a watercolor/worms effect particularly in greenery, etc.
People who think digital cameras do anything close to what modern phones do don't have a clue. They're the opposite of 'Phones can do anything a DSLR can' people and they are just as wrong.
In camera HDR: https://www.slrlounge.com/in-camera-hdr-intro/
In camera focus stacking: https://www.youtube.com/embed/E5zX1E5wAiE
Sometimes high end "pro" cameras will skip those features because they expect people to process those image on a computer anyway, but in general a modern camera will beat a phone hands down.
The quality difference is also very obvious compared to my phone even though my camera is easily 8 years old.