Ask HN: Avid book readers and, XR users and enthusiasts

When studying a subject, what is more impactful in understanding and retaining for longer term what is being learnt: learning by reading textbooks or learning by using visual media like VR/AR?

Intuitively it feels like visual aid used for explaining a concept could be more helpful, but getting that "aha" moment when understanding a concept by reading could help retain that information for longer period.

Anyone has experience in this area or know of any research done on this topic?

I am trying to understand what will be more helpful to students, understanding a subject by reading textbooks or understanding it by using visual media like XR.