After looking at the contenders, I found the px4 project to be most impressive in terms of documentation of both the flight systems as well as the drones that have been used. They have a list of development kits to consider:
A quick google search convinces me that these are still the most widely used.
I had tried betaflight and ardupilot but had an easier time with betaflight configuration I think.
Ardupilot is the most popular for navigational or ‘serious’ drones. It’s way more complicated to setup but offers many advanced features for different craft types and navigation. I used this system for the first time last year for a VTOL aircraft and the setup was daunting - and I’ve been using Betaflight/iNav since their inception many years ago.
INav is kind of a middle ground between the two. It’s a fork of Betaflight with added navigation features and a heavier focus on fixed wing aircraft- way easier to configure than Ardupilot but not nearly as many advanced features. Mainly used for long range or wing pilots who want navigation features but don’t need the kinds of advanced stuff Ardu offers.
I don’t really hear anything about px4 anymore.
But if you're interested in more readable codebases without too much legacy headaches:
https://github.com/BossHobby/QUICKSILVER (for indoor drones mostly)
And for even less functionality but a good learning tool kind of codebase:
https://github.com/nickrehm/dRehmFlight (Do check out his YouTube channel.. he does some cool stuff)
might be what your looking for