Kinda depends on how you define a transformer solving the problem. I feel like you could fine-tune a transformer in the style of https://www.ai21.com/blog/jurassic-x-crossing-the-neuro-symb... to produce steps to solve it, ie
"<initial prompt>" =>
1. [LLM generate] write a python program to return an integer >500 digits with two different prime factors with >250 digits and return all three
2. [execute code generated by 1 and return result]
ChatGPT did actually generate code that worked when I manually put in step 1, it'll be interesting to see what systems people chain together