If we're talking simple math on magnification:

It's very easy to find macro lenses that have 5:1 magnification, meaning that an object is projected onto the sensor 5x it's size. Taking 1.7 mm and projecting that onto a Canon R5 45 MP sensor with 5x magnification gives us something that would be around 1934 pixels in length (just under 1/4th the width of the sensor that is 8192 effective pixels wide).

I think you can convert 5x into 10x or 15x pretty easily without much loss in image quality.

That's not the problem, the problem is getting enough light (without boiling your specimen, which they briefly mention) and nailing the focus. At such magnification, both problems are challenging.